‘Anbu Karangal’ scheme launched in Madurai, Trichy Chief minister M K Stalin launching the ‘Anbu Karangal’ scheme across Tamil Nadu, as many as 347 parentless children in Madurai and 377 children in Trichy were identified for 2,000 monthly assistance to ensure that they continue their education without dropping out until the age of 18 years. In Madurai, minister PTR Palanivel Thiaga Rajan inaugurated the scheme while minister Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi distributed ID cards in Trichy.
World Food India 2025 Sees ₹1 Lakh Crore Investment Commitments India’s flagship food processing event, World Food India 2025, concluded in New Delhi with record-breaking investment commitments worth over ₹1.02 lakh crore. Organized by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, the four-day summit attracted 26 major domestic and international companies, all signing Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) aimed at boosting the country’s food ecosystem.
Mithun Manhas Elected 37th BCCI President In a major development for Indian cricket governance, Mithun Manhas, former Delhi and Jammu & Kashmir cricketer, has been elected unopposed as the 37th President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). The announcement was made during the 94th Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the BCCI held in Mumbai on September 2025. Manhas succeeds Roger Binny, who stepped down in August 2025, with Rajeev Shukla serving as the interim president until this election.
Shailesh Chandra Appointed MD & CEO of Tata Motors In a major corporate development, Tata Motors announced the appointment of Shailesh Chandra as its Managing Director and CEO, effective October 1, 2025. His tenure will span three years, ending on September 30, 2028. Chandra will continue to serve as MD of Tata Passenger Electric Mobility Ltd. (TPEM), signaling the group’s strong focus on its fast-growing electric vehicle business. This transition comes at a time when Tata Motors is undergoing a significant corporate demerger, aiming to create two distinct listed entities — one for commercial vehicles and another for passenger and electric vehicles, including Jaguar Land Rover (JLR).
Indian Cricket Team Won 9th Asia Cup title 2025 In a match that lived up to the fierce rivalry, India clinched their ninth Asia Cup title with a thrilling five-wicket victory over Pakistan at the Dubai International Stadium on September 2025. Chasing 147 in a tense final, India recovered from a shaky 20 for 3 to reach the target at 150 for 5, thanks to a match-winning knock from Tilak Varma.
BCCI Announces ₹21 Crore Prize for Asia Cup Champions India India created history by winning the Asia Cup 2025 in Dubai, defeating arch-rivals Pakistan by five wickets in the final. To celebrate the team’s unbeaten run in the tournament, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has announced a cash prize of ₹21 crore for the players and support staff. The announcement reflects BCCI’s recognition of the team’s dominant performances and India’s continuing supremacy in Asian cricket.
1000 plus Kidney Transplantation Government Stanley Medical College Hospital (SMCH) in Chennai has completed 1,006 kidney transplants. The first renal transplant using a living donor was performed in April 1986 at SMCH. Out of the total, 837 transplants were from live related donors and 169 from deceased donors.
1854: The use of postage stamps started in India. The use of postage stamps started in India in the year 1854. The first postage stamps had the head of Queen Victoria and a picture of India. Its price was half an anna (1/32 rupees), which was an important achievement of the postal service of that time. The first post office in India was established by the East India Company in Kolkata in the year 1727.
1919: Famous Urdu poet Majrooh Sultanpuri was born. Majrooh Sultanpuri was an Indian Urdu poet. He was a famous lyricist of Hindi films and one of the greatest Urdu poets of the progressive movement. He is considered one of the best poets of Urdu literature of the 20th century.He became famous as a lyricist in Bollywood. Through his works, he gave a new direction to the country, society and literature.
1949: The rule of the Communist Party began in China. The rule of the Communist Party began in China in the year 1949. On October 1, 1949, the Communists established the Logan State in China, thus China became communist. With the establishment of communist rule under the leadership of Mao, not only China was transformed but the whole world was also deeply affected. Some of its effects continue till date, this can be understood in the context of Taiwan-Tibet.
1953 – Andhra Pradesh is formed. Andhra Pradesh was recognised as a separate state on 1 October 1953. This was a significant step in the context of Indian state reorganisation, which gave recognition to different linguistic and cultural communities. On 1 October 1953, 11 districts of the Telugu-speaking part of Madras State became the new Andhra State with Kurnool as the capital.
1967: Indian Tourism Development Corporation was established. Indian Tourism Development Corporation was established in the year 1967. Its objective was to promote tourism in the country and develop tourism related facilities. One of the hotels developed by the government was Akbar Hotel in Chanakyapuri, which was constructed from 1965 to 1969.
1869: Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi was born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in a middle class family in Porbandar district of present Gujarat state. His father’s name was Karamchand Gandhi and his mother’s name was Putlibai. Every year on 2 October his birthday is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India and as International Non-Violence Day all over the world. First of all Gandhiji started Satyagraha as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa to fight for the civil rights of the people of the Indian community. He returned to India in 1915.
1904: Lal Bahadur Shastri was born Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on 2 October 1904 in Mughalsarai, a small railway town seven miles from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. His father was a school teacher. In 1951, he was appointed General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. He assumed office as Prime Minister of India on 9 June 1964.
1951: Shri Shyama Prasad Mukherjee founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh. All India Jana Sangh is an old political party of India, earlier its name was Bharatiya Jana Sangh. This party was founded on October 1951 in Delhi. Its three founder members were Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Professor Balraj Madhok and Deendayal Upadhyay. The election symbol of this party was lamp. It won 3 seats in the 1952 parliamentary elections, in which Dr. Mukherjee himself was also included. A faction of Bharatiya Jana Sangh separated from Jana Sangh under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani and formed Bharatiya Janata Party along with leaders of socialist and Gandhian ideology.
1955: Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Madras manufactured the first railway coach. Integral Coach Factory is one of the oldest railway production units in independent India. It was inaugurated by India’s first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 2nd October, 1955. Later on 2nd October, 1962, the Furnishing Division was inaugurated and the production of fully furnished coaches has grown steadily over the years. Spread over 511 acres, the plant has over 9300 employees who manufacture over 2500 coaches in over 175 varieties on an average over the last 10 years.
1971: The President dedicated Birla House to the nation. This building, which became immortal with the martyrdom of the Father of the Nation, was taken under the protection of the Government of India in 1971 and developed as a Gandhi Museum. On 15 August 1973, the government opened Birla House to the general public as a museum in the name of Gandhi Smriti.
Megalithic Dolmens of Kodaikanal Dolmens in Kodaikanal, dating back over 5,000 years, were first surveyed by Jesuit priests in the early 1900s. Dolmens were mostly built using undressed stones on rocky ridges or slopes near natural rock formations. Less than 50% of the dolmens recorded by the Jesuit Fathers are currently visible and intact. At Pethuparai near Perumal Malai, some dolmens have been fenced by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
President Murmu Presents Special Honour to President’s Bodyguard on 75 Years of Service In a historic and ceremonial moment, President Droupadi Murmu presented the Diamond Jubilee Silver Trumpet and Trumpet Banner to the President’s Bodyguard (PBG) at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The event marked 75 years since the unit was designated as the President’s Bodyguard in 1950, recognising its glorious service, traditions, and professionalism.
Govt to Mandate Sound Alerts in EVs from October 2027 The Indian government is set to introduce a mandatory sound alert system for electric vehicles (EVs) from October 1, 2027, to improve road safety. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has proposed that all new electric cars, buses, and trucks be equipped with an Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS) to help pedestrians and other road users detect the otherwise near-silent EVs.
India’s FTA with EFTA to Start October 2025 Announced by Goyal India is set to operationalize its first Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with a European bloc as the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) with EFTA countries—Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein—comes into effect on October, 2025. Announced by Union Minister Piyush Goyal, this FTA represents a landmark in India’s global trade strategy, combining tariff concessions with a
1992‑Batch IAS Officer Rajeev Verma to Become Delhi Chief Secretary In a significant bureaucratic move, Rajeev Verma, an IAS officer of the 1992 batch (AGMUT cadre), has been appointed as the Chief Secretary of Delhi, effective October 2025. He will succeed Dharmendra, who is set to retire on 30 September. The decision, made by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, involves transferring Verma from his current post in Chandigarh to Delhi.
Chris Woakes Retires from International Cricket After 14-Year Career England’s reliable seam-bowling all-rounder Chris Woakes has announced his retirement from international cricket. The 36-year-old, who made his debut in 2011, closes a career spanning 14 years, during which he represented England across formats with distinction. Known for his swing bowling, lower-order batting, and sportsmanship, Woakes leaves behind a legacy marked by World Cup triumphs, Ashes heroics, and unmatched resilience on the field.
Construction Ban – Pallikaranai Marshland The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has ordered a stop to all construction activities within one kilometre of the Pallikaranai Marshland. This decision was taken Suo motu based on media reports of landfilling and construction inside the Perumbakkam wetland. Perumbakkam village, located 246 metres from the marsh boundary, was identified as the affected site. The Pallikaranai Marshland was declared a Ramsar Site in 2022 and plays a key role in flood mitigation.
1824: Mexico creates a new constitution and becomes a federal republic. The Mexican Federal Constitution of 1824 established that Mexico would be a federal republic, and no longer a monarchy. The republic is a representative system of government, in which power is in the hands of the people, who elect representatives to act on their political behalf. It established a system of ‘provincial delegations’, which gave local governments in the colonies greater autonomy, as well as freedom of expression.
1830: The Kingdom of Belgium separates from the Netherlands. On October 1830, the Belgian provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands declared independence. A provisional government was formed and it was decided to convene a National Congress to establish a constitution for the new country. Although Belgian independence threatened to destroy a key aspect of the geopolitical framework of the Vienna Convention, the response of the great powers was cool.
1884: Prominent Hindi writer and critic Ram Chandra Shukla was born. Ram Chandra Shukla (October 1884 – 2 February 1941), better known as Acharya Shukla, was an Indian historian of Hindi literature. He is considered the first codifier of the history of Hindi literature in a scientific system using extensive, empirical research with limited resources. As a writer, he is best known for Hindi Sahitya Ka Itihaas (1928–29).
1943: US captures Solomons from the Japanese. The US captures Solomons from the Japanese in 1943. The Solomon Islands campaign was a major campaign of the Pacific War of World War II. The campaign began with the Japanese landing and occupation of several areas of Bougainville in the British Solomon Islands and the Territory of New Guinea during the first six months of 1942.
2000: Chang Chun-hsiung becomes new Prime Minister of Taiwan. Chang Chun-hsiung becomes new Prime Minister of Taiwan in 2000. Chang Chun-hsiung is a Taiwanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Taiwan from 2000 to 2002 and from 2007 to 2008 under the presidency of Chen Shuibian. His appointment by then-President Chen in 2000 marked the first time a member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) had held the prime ministership. As a founding member of the DPP, he served on its Central Committee and Central Standing Committee from 1986 to 2000.
Chennai’s first steel flyover Anbazhagan Bridge in T Nagar opens to public use Chief Minister MK Stalin inaugurated the J Anbazhagan flyover in Thyagaraya Nagar (T Nagar). The flyover is the city’s first to be constructed primarily of steel. Built at a cost of Rs 164.92 crore by the Greater Chennai Corporation, the 1.2-kilometer steel flyover connects South Usman Road and CIT Nagar Main Road and aims at decongesting one of the city’s busiest commercial hubs.
Cabinet Approves 3% DA Hike for Central Government Employees and Pensioners The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved a 3% hike in Dearness Allowance (DA) for Central Government employees and Dearness Relief (DR) for pensioners. The hike, effective from October, 2025, will be added to the existing rate of 55% of the Basic Pay/Pension. This decision aims to provide relief against rising inflation and ensure that government employees and pensioners maintain their purchasing power.
India, Bhutan Approve First Rail Links Projects In a transformative step for regional integration, India and Bhutan have approved their first-ever cross-border railway links, aimed at strengthening economic and strategic cooperation. These two new rail lines—Kokrajhar–Gelephu and Banarhat Samtse—represent a major advancement in bilateral connectivity, with significant potential to reshape trade, mobility, and diplomatic ties between the two Himalayan neighbors.
Gaurav Banerjee to Lead Sony Pictures India Till 2029 Gaurav Banerjee will continue as Managing Director and CEO of Sony Pictures Networks India (SPNI)—officially operating under Culver Max Entertainment— until August 2029. This five-year extension, approved at the company’s Annual General Meeting (AGM) in August 2025, signals leadership stability at one of India’s most prominent media and entertainment firms.
Praveer Ranjan Takes Charge as CISF DG In a major leadership reshuffle among India’s Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), two senior IPS officers of the 1993 batch have taken charge of key paramilitary organisations. Praveer Ranjan has been appointed as the Director General (DG) of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), while Praveen Kumar has been appointed as the Director General of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP).
12th World Para Athletics Championship 2025 Kicks Off in New Delhi The 12th World Para Athletics Championship 2025 began on September, 2025, at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (JLN), New Delhi. The nine-day mega event, running till October 5, 2025, brings together more than 1,000 para-athletes from over 100 countries. India is hosting the championship for the first time, with a strong contingent of 70+ athletes.
TN govt approves Rs 8 K-cr for Hogenakkal project The Tamil Nadu government has granted in-principle approval for the ambitious Rs 8,428.50 crore Hogenakkal Water Supply and Fluorosis Mitigation Project (Phase-III), to be implemented by the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage (TWAD) Board with assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). According to a Government Order issued by D Karthikeyan, Principal Secretary, Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department, on September 2025, the project will be executed with JICA’s soft loan of Rs 4,384.10 crore,alongside contributions from the Government of India (Rs 2,283.40 crore), State Government (Rs 1,172.50 crore), and Industries (Rs 588.50 crore).
Multiple Choice Questions, Answers with Explanation
Q.1.Which city inaugurated new facilities worth ₹43 crore at Tholkappia Park on October 2025? (A) Coimbatore (B) Madurai (C) Tiruchirappalli (D)Chennai
Q.2. What tragic incident occurred at the Ennore SEZ thermal power project in Tamil Nadu? (A) Fire broke out in a coal storage yard (B) An explosion during boiler testing (C) Collapse of structural scaffolding, killing 9 workers (D) Flooding damaged the foundation
Q.3. India recently defeated which country in Colombo to win the 7th SAFF Under-17 Football Championship? (A) Sri Lanka (B) /Collapse of structural scaffolding, killing 9 workers (D) Flooding damaged the foundation (C) Nepal (D) Maldives
Q.4. Who is the first cheetah born in Kuno National Park under India's Project Cheetah to reach adulthood? (A) Mukhi (B) Jwala (C) Shira (D) Aakash
Q.5. Which ministry recently organized the World Food India? (A) Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare (B) Ministry of Commerce & Industry (C) Ministry of Food Processing Industries (D) Ministry of Rural Development
Q.6. What are the total investment MoUs (MoUs) signed at the World Food India recently? (A) ₹75,000 crore (B) ₹85,000 crore (C) ₹1,02,000 crore (D) ₹95,000 crore
Q.7. Which Indian para archer recently won the gold medal in the women's compound open category at the World Para Archery Championships 2025 (Gwangju, South Korea)? (A) Sheetal Devi (B) Sarita (C) Poonam Sharma (D) Deepika Kumari
Q.8. Recently, the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) recorded its highest ever net profit of how much in the financial year 2024-25? (A) ₹4,026 crore (B) ₹4,500 crore (C) ₹4,811 crore (D) ₹5,200 crore
Q.9.According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), from which date will two-factor authentication (2FA) be mandatory for all digital transactions in the country? (A) April 1, 2026 (B) January 1, 2026 (C) July 1, 2026 (D) October 1, 2026 ]
Q.10. That is the per capita milk availability in India in the year 2023-24, which is much higher than the global average? (A) 322 grams/day (B) 400 grams/day (C) 471 grams/day (D) 500 grams/day
Q.11. The “Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University” is located in? (a) Salem (b) Chennai (c) Madurai (d) Coimbatore
Q.12. Which district in Tamil Nadu is called the “Land of Coconuts”? (a) Tiruppur (b) Coimbatore (c) Pollachi (d) Thanjavur
Q.13. Who established the “Self-Respect Movement” in Tamil Nadu? (a) C.N. Annadurai (b) Periyar E.V. (c) Bharathidasan (d) Rajaji Ramasamy
Q.14. Which Tamil Nadu district is famous for Jallikattu tradition? (a) Madurai (b) Thanjavur (c) Tiruchirappalli (d) Pudukottai
Q.15. The “Arignar Anna Zoological Park” is located in which district? (a) Chennai (b) Vellore (c) Coimbatore (d) Thiruvallur
Answers with Explanation
1. D In Adyar, Tholkappia Park reopened with upgraded amenities worth ₹43 crore, including eco-friendly walkways, children’s play areas, and improved water conservation systems.
2. C A structural collapse took place at the under-construction Ennore thermal power project in Chennai, when scaffolding / steel arch failed, resulting in the death of nine migrant workers (from Assam) and injuring one.
3. B India's Under-17 football team achieved another major milestone by winning the seventh SAFF Under-17 Championship in Colombo. India defeated Bangladesh 4-1 in a penalty shootout in a thrilling final played at the Race Course International Stadium, after the match ended 2-2 at regulation time.
4. A India's ambitious cheetah reintroduction programme will achieve a historic milestone as Mukhi, a female cheetah born in India, will become the first cub born in India to reach adulthood. Mukhi will be 915 days old, marking the programme's first successful transition from birth to adulthood – a crucial step towards establishing a self-sustaining cheetah population. Born to the womb of Namibian cheetah Jwala in Madhya Pradesh's Kuno National Park, Mukhi is being seen as a significant success amid concerns over high cub mortality and habitat adaptation challenges.
5. C Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the fourth edition of World Food India 2025 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi. This major global event, organized by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, once again established India as the "Food Basket of the World" and further strengthened India's leadership in food processing.
6. C India's premier food processing event, World Food India 2025, concluded in New Delhi, receiving record investment commitments of over ₹1.02 lakh crore. Organized by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, the four-day summit saw 26 leading domestic and international companies participate and sign memorandums of understanding (MoUs) to strengthen the country's food ecosystem. The event will reshape India's food value chain and generate over 64,000 direct and over 1 million indirect jobs.
7. A India's Sheetal Devi created history by winning her first gold medal in the women's compound open category at the 2025 World Para Archery Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. The 18-year-old para archer defeated three-time world champion and Paralympic gold medallist Oznur Cure Girdi of Turkey 146-143 in the final.
8. C Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has reported an impressive 19.5% increase in net profit for the financial year 2024-25, reaching an all-time high of ₹4,811 crore. This performance highlights SIDBI's central role in India's MSME ecosystem and demonstrates its ability to grow profitably while maintaining impeccable asset quality. With a strong focus on digital innovation, green finance, and financial inclusion, SIDBI continues to maintain its position as a key pillar of India's economic growth.
9. A The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a new regulatory framework to strengthen digital payment security in the country. From April 1, 2026, two-factor authentication (2FA) will be mandatory for all digital transactions, with exceptions allowed only for certain small-value cases. These guidelines mark a major shift toward advanced, flexible, and secure verification methods, replacing the old reliance solely on SMS OTPs.
10. C As recently as 2023-24, per capita milk availability in India was over 471 grams per person per day, significantly higher than the global average of around 322 grams per person per day. This increase represents a significant 48% increase in per capita supply over the past decade, reflecting India's increased milk production capacity.
11. (b) Chennai Solution: Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, located in Chennai, is one of India’s premier medical universities. It oversees medical, dental, nursing, and allied health institutions across the state, ensuring quality education and healthcare research.
12. (c) Pollachi Solution: Pollachi, located in Coimbatore district, is called the “Land of Coconuts.” The region produces coconuts, jaggery, and vegetables, and it also serves as a leading trade center for agricultural products.
13. (b) Periyar E.V. Ramasamy Solution: Periyar E.V. Ramasamy founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925 to promote equality, rationalism, and social justice. It opposed caste discrimination and Brahminical dominance, empowering marginalized communities and shaping modern Tamil Nadu’s progressive social reforms.
14. (b) Thanjavur Solution: Thanjavur district is famous for Jallikattu, a traditional bull-taming sport held during Pongal. This cultural practice symbolizes bravery, preserves local livestock breeds, and reflects Tamil Nadu’s rural heritage and festive traditions.
15. (a) Chennai Solution: The Arignar Anna Zoological Park, also called Vandalur Zoo, is located in Chennai district. Spanning over 1,600 acres, it is one of India’s largest zoological parks, housing diverse wildlife and promoting conservation, education, and eco-tourism.
NLCIL CMD conferred with Mahatma award Prasanna Kumar Motupalli, Chairman-cum-Managing Director of NLC India Limited (NLCIL) has been conferred with the Mahatma Award in the Individual category for leadership in business, sustainability and social impact. The award is jointly instituted by noted philanthropist Amit Sachdeva and Aditya Birla Group. Mr. Motupalli was chosen for the award considering his contributions to the company’s sustainable and inclusive growth.
Major General G Srinivas Takes Charge as Commandant of CDM,Secunderabad Major General G Srinivas has officially assumed charge as the Commandant of the College of Defence Management (CDM), Secunderabad. He takes over from Lieutenant General Harsh Chhibber, who has been promoted to the position of Director General Information Systems. Prior to his appointment at CDM, Major General Srinivas was entrusted with the planning and execution of operational logistics in the Western Command theatre.
ICC, UNICEF Launch ‘Promise to Children’ Campaign In a powerful fusion of sport and social responsibility, the International Cricket Council (ICC) and UNICEF have launched the ‘Promise to Children’ digital campaign during the 2025 ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup. The initiative seeks to engage players, fans, and the global cricket community in pledging support for equal opportunities and rights for children, particularly the most vulnerable.
World Archery Para Championships 2025: Sheetal Devi Wins Maiden Gold In a stunning showcase of skill and resilience, India’s Sheetal Devi secured her maiden gold medal in the Women’s Compound Open category at the 2025 World Para Archery Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. The 18-year-old para archer defeated Türkiye’s Oznur Cure Girdi, a three-time world champion and Paralympic gold medalist, with a score of 146–143 in a tense final that highlighted her growing stature on the global stage.
SIDBI’s Net Profit Jumps 19.5% to All‑Time High in FY25 The Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has reported an impressive 19.5% growth in net profit for the financial year 2024–25, reaching an all-time high of ₹4,811 crore. This performance highlights SIDBI’s central role in India’s MSME ecosystem and showcases its ability to grow profitably while maintaining impeccable asset quality. With a sharp focus on digital innovation, green finance, and financial inclusion, SIDBI continues to position itself as a key pillar of India’s economic development.
Novotel Vijayawada Varun Bags ‘Best 5-Star Deluxe Hotel’ Award The Novotel Vijayawada Varun has been recognised as the “Best 5-Star Deluxe Hotel” at the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Excellence Awards 2025. The award honours the property’s blend of elegance, comfort, and premium hospitality, making it the top choice for travelers in the region.
CM Stalin directs officials to ensure foolproof storage of procured paddy Chief Minister M K Stalin directed officials to ensure foolproof storage mechanisms for procured paddy across Tamil Nadu, emphasising that every grain harvested through the hard work of farmers must be protected from damage until it reaches the kitchen. Chairing a high-level review meeting his Alwarpet camp office, the Chief Minister interacted with Collectors from the Delta districts — Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Mayiladuthurai, Thanjavur, and Cuddalore — along with senior officials from the Departments of Cooperation, Food and Consumer Protection.
Most Important Points Of 04th October in History
1864: Louis Jean Lumiere, the first to patent the cinematograph, was born. In the year 1864, Louis Jean Lumiere, the first to patent the cinematograph, was born. Louis Lumiere’s name is often associated with that of his brother Auguste Lumiere,known as the Lumiere Brothers. This comparison is a bit excessive in relation to the invention of the cinematograph,since, in fact, Auguste failed in his attempt to build the first machine, and passed it on to his brother, who made the invention a success.
1915: Bulgaria enters World War I. The Kingdom of Bulgaria entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers in October 1915, when the country declared war on Serbia, and the Armistice of Salonica came into effect on 30 September 1918.Bulgarian campaign during World War I, borders including occupied territories A German postcard commemorating Bulgaria’s entry into the war. After the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913, Bulgaria was diplomatically isolated, surrounded by hostile neighbours and deprived of great power support.
1946: The first Cannes Film Festival concludes. The first annual Cannes Film Festival was held from September 20 to October 5, 1946. Twenty-one countries presented their films at the “First Cannes International Film Festival”, which took place in the former Casino in Cannes. Only one year after the end of World War II, most of the films were about the war.
1988: Brazil’s Constituent Assembly approves the Constitution. Brazil’s 1988 Constitution is one of the longest constitutions in the world, second only to India’s, containing 250 articles that list an impressive list of civil, political, social,economic, and environmental rights. Under this constitution, Brazil is a presidential,federal republic. The constitution grants state and municipal governments administrative autonomy and responsibility for policy implementation.
1989: Justice Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi became the first woman judge of the Supreme Court. In the year 1989, Justice Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi became the first woman judge of the Supreme Court. She was made a member of the National Human Rights Commission (India) on 3 October 1993. Her full name is Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi.She has also been the former Governor of Tamil Nadu. Justice Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi was born in Pathanamthitta, Kerala. Her father’s name is Meera Sahib and mother’s name is Khadija Bibi.
Multiple Choice Questions, Answers with Explanation
Q.1. The Tamil Nadu government announced a new IT park worth ₹1,800 crore in which city area? (A) OMR (Chennai) (B) Porur (Chennai) (C) Madurai (D) Coimbatore
Q.2. To tackle rising bomb threat cases in Tamil Nadu, the state police announced recruitment for which special squad? (A) SWAT (B) Bomb Detection and Disposal Squad (BDDS) (C) Quick Reaction Team (D) Cyber Forensic Unit
Q.3. India recently implemented its first European bloc free trade agreement (FTA) with which country? A) EFTA (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein) B) EU (European Union) C) UK (United Kingdom) D) NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
Q.4. The 'Promise to Children' digital campaign was recently launched by the ICC and UNICEF on which occasion? A) ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2025 B) ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup 2025 C) ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2025 D) ICC Twenty20 World Cup 2025
Q.5. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), recently in the news, is caused by which pathogen? A) Bacteria B) Virus C) Fungi D) Protozoa
Q.6. Novotel Vijayawada Varuna was recently honored in the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Excellence Awards 2025 in which category? A) Best 3-Star Hotel B) Best 4-Star Hotel C) Best 5-Star Deluxe Hotel D) Best Boutique Hotel
Q.7. The Telugu Language Day program was recently held in Saudi Arabia to promote which model? A) P4 model (Public-Private-People Partnership) B) PPP model (Public-Private Partnership) C) CSR model (Corporate Social Responsibility) D) SDG model (Sustainable Development Goals)
Q.8. Who has recently been appointed Director General of CISF? A) Praveen Kumar B) R.S. Bhatti C) Praveer Ranjan D) Jay Shah
Q.9. Who was recently awarded the Global Tourism Award for 2025? A) Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department B) Tamil Nadu Tourism Department C) Kerala Tourism Board D) Goa Tourism Department
Q.10.At what level did the RBI keep the repo rate unchanged in its 2025 monetary policy? A) 4.5% B) 5.0% C) 5.5% D) 6.0%
Q.11. Which city is called the “Gateway of Nilgiris”? (a) Coimbatore (b) Ooty (c) Mettupalayam (d) Coonoor
Q.12. Which temple in Tamil Nadu is famous for the “Chariot Festival”? (a) Meenakshi Temple (b) Kapaleeswarar Temple (c) Ranganathaswamy Temple (d) Brihadeeswarar Temple
Q.13. Which is the largest salt-producing district in Tamil Nadu? (a) Ramanathapuram (b) Thoothukudi (c) Kanyakumari (d) Nagapattinam
Q.14. Who founded the DMK party in Tamil Nadu? (a) Periyar (b) C.N. Annadurai (c) M. Karunanidhi (d) K. Kamaraj
Q.15. Which river is called the “South India Ganga”? (a) Palar (b) Kaveri (c) Vaigai (d) Tamiraparani
Answers with Explanation
1. B On October 2025, plans were announced for a massive ₹1,800 crore IT Park at Porur, Chennai, expected to generate thousands of jobs and expand the state’s IT corridor beyond OMR.
2. B Due to increasing hoax bomb threats in schools and public buildings, Tamil Nadu police will strengthen the BDDS with more personnel and modern bomb disposal equipment.
3. A India has implemented its first free trade agreement (FTA) with the European Union. This is the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) with the EFTA countries – Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. This FTA is a significant milestone in India's global trade strategy.
4. C In a powerful combination of sport and social responsibility, the International Cricket Council (ICC) and UNICEF launched the 'Promise to Children' digital campaign during the 2025 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup. The initiative aims to inspire players, spectators and the global cricket community to support equal opportunities and rights for children, especially those most vulnerable and at risk.
5.B Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL) has launched India's first indigenously developed glycoprotein E (gE) deleted DIVA (differentiated between infected and vaccinated animals) marker vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Anand, Gujarat. IBR is caused by bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), which belongs to the Varicellovirus genus within the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. It primarily affects domestic and wild cattle. The disease has three forms – respiratory, genital, and meningitis, with respiratory and genital forms being the most common. It is transmitted from bulls to dairy cattle through aerosols and semen, affecting the reproductive system.
6. C Novotel Vijayawada Varuna has been honored as the "Best 5-Star Deluxe Hotel" at the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Excellence Awards 2025. The award recognizes the hotel's unique combination of elegance, comfort, and premium hospitality services, which have made it a top choice for travelers in the region.
7. A Telugu Language Day was celebrated with great fanfare in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the rich cultural heritage of the expatriate Telugu community. The event was organized by the Saudi Arabia Telugu Association (SATA) in collaboration with the TDP NRI Committee. The event also promoted the P4 model (Public-Private-People Partnership) promoted by the Andhra Pradesh government.
8. C Praveer Ranjan, a 1993-batch IPS officer, assumed charge as Director General at the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) headquarters. Retired Director General R.S. Bhatti formally handed over the charge to him. Ranjan, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the AGMUT cadre, was previously serving as Special Director General of the Airport Sector in the CISF.
9.C The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department was honored with the Global Tourism Award 2025 for its outstanding efforts to establish the state as one of India's most promising tourist destinations. Tourism Advisor Nishita Goyal received the award on behalf of the department at a ceremony held in New Delhi. This achievement recognizes the state's efforts in sustainable tourism development, heritage conservation, and providing cultural experiences to domestic and international tourists.
10. C The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released its Monetary Policy Report (October 2025) after the 57th meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee. The RBI maintained a neutral stance and kept the repo rate unchanged at 5.50%. This indicates a balanced approach that supports economic momentum while ensuring financial stability. The report also highlighted resilient domestic demand, supportive financial conditions, and a stable external sector, reflecting a cautious and optimistic outlook for the Indian economy.
11. (c) Mettupalayam Solution: Mettupalayam, located at the base of the Nilgiri hills, is called the “Gateway of Nilgiris.” It is the starting point of the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, connecting to Ooty and supporting tourism, trade, and hill agriculture.
12. (a) Meenakshi Temple Solution: Meenakshi Temple in Madurai is famous for the annual Chariot Festival (Ther Thiruvizha). Elaborate temple chariots carry deities through the city, attracting thousands of devotees and tourists, celebrating devotion and Tamil culture.
13. (b) Thoothukudi Solution: Thoothukudi district is Tamil Nadu’s largest salt producer. Its coastal areas have extensive salt pans, and salt production contributes significantly to the local economy and India’s industrial and culinary needs.
14. (b) C.N. Annadurai Solution: C.N. Annadurai founded the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) in 1949 after splitting from the Dravidar Kazhagam. DMK focuses on social justice, Tamil pride, and political reforms, shaping Tamil Nadu’s modern political landscape.
15. (b) Kaveri Solution: The Kaveri River, flowing through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, is called the “Ganga of South India” for its sacredness and agricultural importance. Its delta region supports rice cultivation, hydroelectricity, and drinking water supply.
Kanniyakumari Nannari Kanniyakumari Nannari has been proposed for a Geographical Indication tag. Kanniyakumari district is known for Nannari, a herb valued for its cooling properties and traditional use for treating mouth ulcers. The root of this Nannari is thicker, more aromatic, and deeper in colour than regular Nannari and is sun-dried, cleaned, and stored for medicinal and culinary use.
Union Minister Inaugurated NIELIT Digital University Platform In a significant step to expand digital learning opportunities across India, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw today inaugurated the NIELIT Digital University (NDU) platform in New Delhi. This initiative, launched under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, aims to make advanced tech education more accessible, especially in underserved regions.
Minister Launches MY Bharat Mobile App for Youth Empowerment Union Minister Dr Mansukh Mandaviya launched the MY Bharat Mobile Application in New Delhi on October 2025. This move enhances accessibility of the MY Bharat platform—an online youth leadership and social engagement portal— by bringing key services and opportunities to the fingertips of India’s young citizens. The app complements the existing platform, making it easier for youth to participate via phones, especially in remote and rural areas.
India–EFTA TEPA Enters into Force with $100 B Investment Pledge India’s trade diplomacy witnessed a historic breakthrough with the India–EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) coming into force on October, 2025. Signed between India and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) nations—Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein—this is India’s first trade pact with a firm investment commitment of USD 100 billion over the next 15 years, aimed at generating one million direct jobs in India.
Abhishek Sharma Breaks This Record in ICC T20I Batter Rankings Indian left‑hand opener Abhishek Sharma has etched his name in history by achieving a career‑highest rating in the ICC Men’s T20I batter rankings. His stellar performance in the Asia Cup propelled him past previous benchmarks, putting him at the top of the global list.
Asheesh Pandey, Kalyan Kumar Appointed Bank CEOs for 3 Years In a significant leadership reshuffle in India’s banking sector, the government has appointed Asheesh Pandey as the Managing Director and CEO of Union Bank of India, and Kalyan Kumar as the MD and CEO of Central Bank of India. Both appointments are for a three-year term, following the approval of the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC).
IndiGo to launch direct Coimbatore–Ahmedabad flights from Oct 26 IndiGo will start direct flights between Coimbatore and Ahmedabad from October 26. The low-cost carrier will operate four flights a week — on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays — using its Airbus A320 aircraft. IndiGo will be the only airline to provide direct connectivity between the two cities.
1950: Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata. It is a Roman Catholic voluntary religious organization contributing to various humanitarian works in more than 120 countries of the world. It has a group of more than 4500 Christian missionaries. To join it, one has to undergo nine years of service and testing and one is inducted only after living up to all the Christian religious values and serving in various works of this organization.
2000: Human cloning declared a punishable offense in Japan. On October 2000, Japan banned human cloning and declared it a punishable offense. There was a lot of opposition to this on moral grounds, after which the government took this decision.
1992- Rapid Action Force was formed in India. The RAF was established on 11 December 1991 and headquartered in New Delhi. It became fully operational on 7 October 1992 to deal with riot-like situations, crowd control, rescue and relief operations and related unrest. The first five battalions were mobilised by October 1992 and additional 5 battalions were inducted in April 1994. In October 2003, with 11 years of service, the force was awarded the President’s Flag. On 1 November 2013, the RAF Academy of Public Order was established in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.
1840- William II became King of the Netherlands. With the abdication of his father on October 1840, William II became King. During his reign, the Netherlands became a parliamentary democracy with the new constitution of 1848. William II was married to Anna Pavlovna of Russia. He entered the British Army, and in 1811, as a 19-year-old aide-de-camp at the headquarters of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, he was allowed to observe many of Wellington’s campaigns of the Peninsular War.
1708- Guru Gobind Singh passed away. Guru Gobind Singh died on October 1708, as he was stabbed by an assassin. He was the last Guru of the Sikhs. Born as Gobind Rai, Guru Gobind Singh was installed as the Sikh Guru at the age of nine, when his father and ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded on the orders of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb for refusing to accept Islam. His notable contribution to Sikhism is the establishment of the Khalsa Panth in 1699.
Multiple Choice Questions , Answers with Explanation
Q.1. The TN government approved a ₹10 crore water supply scheme for which major health institution? (A) Stanley Medical College (B) JIPMER Puducherry (C) AIIMS Madurai (D) Kilpauk Medical College
Q.2. From which date will RTE (Right to Education) admissions for 2025-26 begin in Tamil Nadu? (A) October 1, 2025 (B) October 6, 2025 (C) October 10, 2025 (D) November 1, 2025
Q.3. Who recently assumed charge as Commandant of the College of Defence Management (CDM), Secunderabad? (A) Lt. Gen. Harsh Chhibber (B) Lt. Gen. Randhir Singh (C) Major General G. Srinivas (D) Major General S.K. Yadav
Q.4. What is the Asian Development Bank (ADB)'s recent economic growth forecast for India for the financial year 2025-26 (FY26)? (A) 6.5% (B) 6.7% (C) 6.8% (D) 4.8%
Q.5. Who was recently awarded the Tamil Nadu Scientist Award (TANSA) 2022 in the field of environmental science? (A) Prof. M.P. Saminathan (B) Dr. Govi Chezhiyan (C) Dr. R. Arthur James (D) Prof. S. Ramanathan
Q.6. According to the recent 2023 report of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), which state recorded the highest number of violent crimes and riots in Northeast India? (A) Assam (B) Manipur (C) Tripura (D) Nagaland
Q.7. Freedom fighter and Gandhian socialist thinker Dr. G.G. Parikh, who recently passed away at the age of 100, was first jailed for his active participation in which movement? (A) Quit India Movement (B) Salt Satyagraha (C) Swadeshi Movement (D) Individual Satyagraha
Q.8. What was India's total GST collection recorded in September 2025? (A) ₹1.73 lakh crore (B) ₹1.86 lakh crore (C) ₹1.89 lakh crore (D) ₹1.60 lakh crore
Q.9. Who was recently appointed Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Union Bank of India? (A) Asheesh Pandey (B) Kalyan Kumar (C) M.V. Rao (D) Deepak Singhal
Q.10. Who became the world's richest person in October 2025, with a net worth of $500.1 billion, according to the Force Real-Time Billionaires Tracker? (A) Larry Ellison (B) Jeff Bezos (C) Elon Musk (D) Warren Buffett
Q.11. Which district in Tamil Nadu is famous for bronze casting? (a) Madurai (b) Dindigul (c) Thanjavur (d) Coimbatore
Q.12. Which Tamil Nadu hill station is called the “Queen of Hill Stations”? (a) Ooty (b) Kodaikanal (c) Yercaud (d) Valparai
Q.13.The famous “Pulicat Lake” is located in which districts? (a) Chennai and Kanchipuram (b) Thiruvallur and Nellore (c) Cuddalore and Viluppuram (d) Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur
Q.14. Which Tamil Nadu leader was called the “Kingmaker of India”? (a) Rajaji (b) K. Kamaraj (c) C.N. Annadurai (d) Periyar
Q.15. Which festival in Tamil Nadu involves bull-taming sport? (a) Pongal (b) Diwali (c) Navaratri (d) Karthigai
Answers with Explanations
1. C A ₹10 crore drinking water supply scheme was sanctioned for AIIMS Madurai, ensuring uninterrupted supply to support the upcoming super-specialty facilities.
2. B The Tamil Nadu School Education Department announced that RTE admissions for 2025-26 will commence on October 6, enabling free private school seats for eligible children.
3. C Major General G. Srinivas has formally assumed charge as the new Commandant of the College of Defence Management (CDM), Secunderabad. He succeeds Lieutenant General Harsh Chhibber, who was recently promoted to the post of Director General of Information Systems. This occasion marks the beginning of a new direction and approach in the logistics and strategic leadership of the Indian Armed Forces.
4. A The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has lowered India’s economic growth forecast for the fiscal year 2025-26 (FY26) to 6.5% from the earlier 6.7%. The revision is mainly due to higher tariffs imposed by the US, which will impact about 60% of India’s exports and could slow growth in the second half of 2025-26 and beyond.
5. C Dr. R. Arthur James, Professor and Head of the Department of Marine Sciences at Bharathidasan University (BDU), has been awarded the Tamil Nadu Scientist Award (TANSA) 2022 for his outstanding contributions to the field of environmental science. The award, instituted by the Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TANSA), is considered the highest honor bestowed on scientists in the state.
6. B According to a report published by the NCRB, Manipur recorded the highest number of violent crimes and riots in the Northeast in 2023. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) said that Manipur, which has been witnessing ethnic conflict since May 2023 between the Meitei community of the Imphal Valley and the tribal Kukis living in the surrounding hilly areas, also recorded the highest number of crimes/atrocities against Scheduled Tribes in India that year. According to the report, 14,427 violent crimes were recorded in Manipur in 2023, compared to 631 in 2022 and 545 in 2021.
7. A Freedom fighter, Gandhian, and socialist thinker Dr. G.G. Parikh died in Mumbai at the age of 100. His life was deeply intertwined with India’s freedom struggle, post-independence socialist politics, and grassroots development movements. Dr. Parikh was often called the “saint of socialists” because he epitomized simplicity, commitment, and moral courage. 8. C India’s gross goods and services tax (GST) collections rose 9.1% year-on-year to ₹189,000 crore (US$21.29 billion) in September 2025, driven by increased sales following the recent rationalization of tax rates. This was higher than ₹173,000 crore (US$19.49 billion) in September 2024 and ₹173,000 crore (US$19.49 billion) in September 2025.
9. A The government has appointed Ashish Pandey as MD and CEO of Union Bank of India and Kalyan Kumar as head of Central Bank of India for a term of three years. These appointments, approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, were made following recommendations from the FSIB.
10. C Tesla CEO Elon Musk has made history by becoming the world’s richest person with a net worth of $500.1 billion, according to the Forbes Real-Time Billionaires Tracker (October 2025). With this achievement, Musk is nearly $150 billion ahead of Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison, who is currently the second-richest person.
11. (c) Thanjavur Solution: Thanjavur is renowned for Thanjavur Bronze Art. Traditional artisans create bronze statues of deities using the lost-wax technique. These exquisite crafts reflect Tamil culture, Chola heritage, and continue to be exported worldwide.
12. (a) Ooty Solution: Ooty (Udhagamandalam) in Nilgiris district is called the “Queen of Hill Stations.” Famous for its tea plantations, botanical gardens, and scenic landscapes, it is a major tourist destination in Tamil Nadu.
13. (d) Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur Solution: Pulicat Lake, India’s second-largest brackish water lagoon, spans Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur districts. It supports rich biodiversity, including migratory birds, and sustains fishing communities in Tamil Nadu.
14. (b) K. Kamaraj Solution: K. Kamaraj, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, was called the “Kingmaker of India” for his influence in choosing national leaders. He also implemented free education, mid-day meals, and rural development programs in the state.
15. (a) Pongal Solution: Jallikattu, the traditional bull-taming sport, is a key event during Pongal, especially in Madurai and surrounding districts. It represents bravery, rural culture, and celebration of agricultural prosperity in Tamil Nadu.
07 th October in History News
1952: The world’s first internal pacemaker implanted Arne Larsson in Sweden was implanted with an internal pacemaker on October 1952. This was the first internal pacemaker implant. It stopped working within three hours. Surgery had to be done the next day. Larsson lived until 2001 and underwent several surgeries in which more than 25 units were replaced.
1919: World’s first transcontinental air race The first transcontinental air race began on October 1919. A total of 63 airplanes participated in it, including 15 from San Francisco and 48 from New York. These planes had to complete a round-trip of 5,400 miles. Lieutenant Belvin Maynard returned to New York in three days and 21 hours and won this championship.
1932: Indian Air Force was formed. The Indian Air Force is a part of the Indian Armed Forces which does the important work of air warfare, air defense, and air surveillance for the country. It was established on October 1932. Before independence (declared a full republic in 1950), it was known as the Royal Indian Air Force and played an important role in the Second World War of 1945. After independence (declared a full republic in 1950), the word “Royal” was removed from it and it became just “Indian Air Force”.
1998: India became a member of the Flight Safety Foundation. On October 1998, India became a member of the Flight Safety Foundation. The Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit, international organization engaged in research, education, advocacy and communication in the field of aviation safety. The FSF brings together aviation professionals to help solve safety problems and to bring an international perspective on issues relating to aviation safety to the public.
2000: Vojoslav Kostunica became the President of Yugoslavia. In the year 2000, Vojoslav Kostunica became the President of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia was a former federal country in Europe located in the west-central part of the Balkan Peninsula. It was founded in 1918. In 1946, it became a socialist union of six republics. The names of these republics were: Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia.
Current Events Continued…
Right to Education’s entitlements The Union government has released ₹538.39 crore under the Right to Education (Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act) entitlements through the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (Integrated School Education Programme). The amount includes ₹362 crore for 2024-25 and ₹175.59 crore as the first instalment for 2025-26. 25% of seats in entry-level classes in private schools must be reserved for children from marginalised groups under the Right to Education Act.
Government Hikes Minimum Support Prices for Rabi Crops The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved a significant Minimum Support Price (MSP) hike for all mandated Rabi crops for the 2026‑27 marketing season. This decision aims to ensure better returns for farmers and promote crop diversification. Alongside this, a major initiative—the Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses—was also launched to reduce import dependency and increase domestic production.
India Re-Elected to ICAO Council’s Part II Category India has been re-elected to Part II of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations. The re-election, announced during the 42nd ICAO Assembly in Montreal, Canada, reaffirms India’s status as one of the largest contributors to international civil air navigation infrastructure.
India Clinches One‑Two in Men’s Javelin F44 at World Para Athletics India produced a stunning one‑two finish in the Men’s Javelin Throw F44 at the 2025 World Para Athletics Championships, with Sandip Sanjay Sargar winning gold and Sandeep Chaudhary taking silver. This performance added to India’s growing medal tally at the championships and underscored the nation’s strength in para‑athletics.
RBI Sets Up Payments Regulatory Board In a significant structural shift, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has set up a new six member Payments Regulatory Board (PRB) to oversee and regulate India’s payment systems. This move comes at a time when India’s digital payment landscape is expanding rapidly, requiring more focused and adaptable oversight. The PRB replaces the earlier Board for Regulation and Supervision of Payment and Settlement Systems (BPSS) and will function with broader authority and a more inclusive structure, ensuring transparency, efficiency, and security in both domestic and cross-border payment systems.
India Honoured with ISSA Award for Expanding Social Security Coverage At the World Social Security Forum (WSSF) 2025 held in Kuala Lumpur, Union Minister Dr Mansukh Mandaviya highlighted India’s remarkable journey in expanding social security coverage. He stated that over the last decade, India’s coverage rose from 19 percent in 2015 to 64.3 percent in 2025, reaching over 940 million citizens — an achievement officially recognised by the International Labour Organization (ILO).
Fire & rescue dept clears 4,390 firecracker shops ahead of festive season Tamil Nadu fire and rescue services approved 4,390 applications for firecracker shops out of 6,578 they received ahead of Diwali. The licensing process was carried out under Explosives Act after inspections to ensure compliance with safety norms.
Multiple Choice Questions , Answers with Explanation
Q.1.Recently, private equity and venture capital investment (PE-VC investment) in which state government fell sharply in the third quarter of 2025? (A) Tamil Nadu (B) Karnataka (C) Kerala (D) Telangana
Q.2. Under the "Green TN Mission," how many palmyra (palm) tree seeds are to be planted in Tiruchirappalli district? (A) 10 lakh (B) 20.7 lakh (C) 50 lakh (D) 1 crore
Q.3. Who recently launched the 'Interview Anecdotes' portal? (A) SSC (B) UPSC (C) UPPCS (D) BPSC
Q.4. India's first dugong conservation reserve was recently recognized by which international body? (A) UNEF (B) UNESCO (C) IUCN (D) WWF
Q.5. Where was the 69th Dhamma Chakra Pravartan Day recently celebrated in the year 2025? (A) Nagpur, Maharashtra (B) Bodhgaya, Bihar (C) Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh (D) Lumbini, Nepal
Q.6. Who recently won the 62nd National Chess Championship 2025? (A) R. Praggnanandhaa (B) Vidit Gujarati (C) P. Inian (D) Nihal Sarin
Q.7.Who has recently received the National Dhanvantari Ayurveda Award in the year 2025? (A) Prof. Banwari Lal (B) E.T. Neelakantan (C) Bhavana Parashar (D) All of the above
Q.8. Which Union Minister recently inaugurated the NIELIT Digital University (NDU) platform? (A) Rajiv Chandrashekhar (B) Ashwini Vaishnav (C) Anurag Thakur (D) Dharmendra Pradhan
Q.9. 11 In which city was the 11th World Green Economy Summit 2025 recently held? (A) Dubai (B) New Delhi (C) Geneva (D) Paris
Q.10. The 'Ideal Youth Village Assembly' initiative will be launched by the Government of India in collaboration with which ministry? (A) Ministry of Rural Development (B) Ministry of Women and Child Development (C) Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Education and Tribal Affairs (D) Ministry of Home Affairs
Q.11. Which district is called the “Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu”? (a) Thanjavur (b) Salem (c) Coimbatore (d) Erode
Q.12. Which temple in Tamil Nadu has the largest temple tank? (a) Meenakshi Temple (b) Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam (c) Kapaleeswarar Temple (d) Brihadeeswarar Temple
Q.13. Who is known as the “Father of Modern Tamil Literature”? (a) Subramania Bharati (b) Bharathidasan (c) Kambar (d) Avvaiyar
Q.14. Which Tamil Nadu city is famous for “Silk Sarees”? (a) Kanchipuram (b) Madurai (c) Coimbatore (d) Salem
Q.15. The famous “Gingee Fort” is located in which district? (a) Villupuram (b) Thanjavur (c) Salem (d) Vellore
Answers with Explanations
1. A Private Equity and Venture Capital investments (PE-VC investments) in Tamil Nadu dropped sharply in the third quarter of 2025. Investments fell to $126 million across 11 deals in Q3 2025, from $728 million across 11 deals in Q3 2024.
2. B The Trichy forest department plans to plant 20.7 lakh palmyra palm seeds across the district—50,000 saplings by the forest department and the rest via panchayats, under the Green TN Mission.
3. B The Union Public Service Commission has played a vital role in shaping the administrative backbone of India. The UPSC has entered its 100th year of establishment. The function was inaugurated by the Chairman UPSC. On this occasion, UPSC Chairman Ajay Kumar also unveiled a new logo reflecting the Commission's glorious past and vision for the future. The 100-year journey of the UPSC has been a symbol of nation-building, excellence, and impartiality. Established in 1926, the institution has strengthened the country's governance system by selecting deserving candidates for the civil services. The "Interview Tales" portal was also launched in this centenary year.
4. C The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) officially recognized India's first dugong conservation reserve at the World Conservation Congress 2025. This is India's first dugong conservation reserve, notified by the Tamil Nadu government on September 21, 2022, under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. It covers the northern Palk Bay region of Thanjavur and Pudukottai districts.
5. A In 2025, the 69th Dhamma Chakra Pravartan Day was celebrated at Deekshabhoomi in Nagpur, Maharashtra. This historic site is visited by millions of devotees each year for this important Buddhist event. The celebration honors Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's conversion to Buddhism in 1956 and symbolizes equality and social reform.
6. C Grand Master P. Iniyan of Tamil Nadu has won the 62nd National Chess Championship. He achieved the feat with seven wins and four draws in eleven games in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Iniyan remained unbeaten in the tournament. He received a prize of ₹6 lakh, while the runner-up, 15-year-old International Master H. Gautam Krishna of Kerala, received ₹5 lakh.
7. D The Ministry of AYUSH has honored Prof. Banwari Lal Gaur, Vaidya Neelkandhan Moos E.T., and Vaidya Bhavana Parashar with the National Dhanvantari Ayurveda Award 2025 for their outstanding contributions to Ayurveda in the academic, traditional, and scientific fields. These awards recognize those who have made significant contributions to the promotion, preservation, and advancement of Ayurveda. This year's awardees represent a unique confluence of classical scholarship, living tradition, and scientific innovation.
8. B In a significant step toward expanding digital education opportunities across India, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated the NIELIT Digital University (NDU) platform in New Delhi. Launched under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the initiative aims to make advanced technical education more accessible, especially in underserved areas.
9. A The 11th World Green Economy Summit (WGES) opened at the World Trade Centre in Dubai, attracting over 3,300 participants from over 30 countries. The two-day summit, themed "Accelerating the Future of a Green Economy Driven by Innovation," brought together policymakers, business leaders, investors, and innovators. Its primary objective is to establish Dubai as a global hub for sustainable development and climate action.
10. C To prevent Generation Z from going astray, the Government of India is taking the initiative to introduce children to democracy at the school level. The Ministry of Panchayati Raj, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs will jointly organize the Model Youth Gram Sabha competitions. Students in grades 9 to 12 will understand their constitutional rights and learn how to resolve problems democratically.
11. (a) Thanjavur Solution: Thanjavur district is known as the “Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu” because of fertile Cauvery delta soil. Extensive rice cultivation makes it a major contributor to the state and country’s food security.
12. (b) Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam Solution: Ranganathaswamy Temple in Srirangam has the largest temple tank in Asia, known as “Srirangam Tank.” It supports rituals, festivals, and religious practices, reflecting Tamil Nadu’s architectural and spiritual heritage.
13. (a) Subramania Bharati Solution: Subramania Bharati, Tamil poet and freedom fighter, modernized Tamil literature with revolutionary themes, patriotism, women empowerment, and social reform. His works influenced Tamil culture and nationalism in early 20th century.
14. (a) Kanchipuram Solution: Kanchipuram is renowned for Kanchipuram Silk Sarees. Known for their rich silk fabric, vibrant colors, and gold zari work, these sarees are globally recognized and an integral part of Tamil weddings and festivals.
15. (a) Villupuram Solution: Gingee Fort, also called “Troy of the East,” is located in Villupuram district. Built by the Cholas and fortified by Vijayanagar rulers, it is a strategic hill fort with rich historical significance.
08th October – Most Important Points in History
1826- Raja Laxman Singh, a famous writer associated with the history of Hindi literature, was born. In the year 1826, Raja Laxman Singh, a famous writer associated with the history of Hindi literature, was born. Till the age of 13, he continued to study Sanskrit and Urdu at home and in 1839, he entered Agra College to study English. On completion of college education, he was appointed as a translator in the office of the Lieutenant Governor of North-Western Province. He worked with great ability and was appointed as the Tehsildar of Etawah in 1855. He helped the British a lot in the revolt of 1857 and the British gave him the post of Deputy Collector as a reward.
1876-The first two-way telephone conversation took place over a wire. The first two-way telephone conversation took place over a wire in the year 1876. The telephone arose from the creation and gradual improvements of the electrical telegraph. In 1804, Spanish polymath and scientist Francisco Salva Campillo created an electromechanical telegraph. Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson were called upon to replay their first telephone conversation.
1945–Famous Sarod player Amjad Ali Khan was born. Amjad Ali Khan was born on October 1945 in Gwalior. Born in the sixth generation of the ‘Seniya Bangash’ Gharana of music in Gwalior, Amjad Ali Khan inherited music. His father Ustad Hafiz Ali Khan was a renowned musician in the Gwalior royal court.
1962 – African country Uganda becomes a republic. Uganda gained formal independence on October, 1962. Its borders, artificially and arbitrarily drawn in the late 19th century, contained two very different societies: the relatively centralized Bantu kingdoms in the south and the more decentralized Nilotic and Sudanic peoples in the north. The country’s sad record of political conflict, combined with environmental problems and the ravages of a nationwide AIDS epidemic, hindered progress and development for many years.
08 October 2025 – Current Affairs
2006 – Google announces its acquisition of YouTube. YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. Three former PayPal employees – Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim – created the service in February 2005. Google purchased the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google’s subsidiaries.
Application of Article 311 Tiruvannamalai SP (Superintendent of Police) issued a dismissal order for two constables attached to Tiruvannamalai East Police Station. On the instructions of Inspector-General of Police, North Zone, the SP dismissed the constables by invoking provisions under Article 311 of the Constitution. It deals with the “Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State”.
BRO Builds World’s Highest Road at 19,400 ft In an extraordinary engineering milestone, the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has constructed the world’s highest motorable road at a staggering 19,400 feet above sea level in Ladakh, breaking its own previous world record. Built under Project Himank, this road passes through Mig La Pass, surpassing the earlier record set at Umling La (19,024 ft) in 2021.
India-China to Resume Direct Flights by Late October In a significant step toward normalizing diplomatic and people-to-people exchanges, India and China have agreed to resume direct air services between designated points in both countries by late October 2025. This development marks a positive turn in bilateral relations that had witnessed prolonged tensions in recent years. The announcement was made by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) following technical-level discussions between the civil aviation authorities of the two nations.
Mirabai Chanu wins silver medal at the 2025 World Championships Mirabai Chanu made a remarkable comeback by winning a silver medal in the women’s 48kg category at the 2025 World Weightlifting Championships in Førde, Norway. Her performance not only added another international medal to her medal tally, but also set new Indian national records in two key categories.
India’s Best-Ever Medal Haul at World Para Athletics Championships 2025 India achieved its best-ever performance at the World Para Athletics Championships 2025, held in New Delhi, by securing a total of 18 medals — comprising 6 gold, 7 silver, and 5 bronze. This remarkable feat surpasses the country’s previous record of 17 medals at the Kobe 2024 Championships, reaffirming India’s growing dominance in global para-sports. The championship, featuring over 2,000 athletes from 104 countries, marked a historic moment for Indian para-athletics and showcased the nation’s commitment to inclusivity, excellence, and sports empowerment.
Nobel Prize 2025 in Medicine Awarded to Brunkow, Ramsdell & Sakaguchi The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their pioneering discoveries on peripheral immune tolerance — a fundamental mechanism that keeps the human immune system from attacking its own tissues. Their work has not only transformed our understanding of how the immune system is regulated but also opened up new avenues for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection.
Tamil Nadu Wind Capacity 2025/26 Wind energy capacity utilisation in Tamil Nadu is expected to reach 29.6% in 2025-2026, the highest since 2018-2019. Tamil Nadu has over 10,000 MW of installed wind energy capacity. Peak wind energy generation typically occurs between May and October annually.
Multiple Choice Questions , Answers with Explanation
Q.1. Which state government recently became one of the first to seek a review of the Supreme Court's decision on the TET? (A) Tamil Nadu (B) Karnataka (C) Kerala (D) Telangana
Q.2. Which state government recently sanctioned ₹1 crore for the conservation of four lesser-known endangered species: the lion-tailed macaque, the Madras hedgehog, the striped hyena, and the hump-headed mahseer? (A) Tamil Nadu (B) Karnataka (C) Kerala (D) Telangana
Q.3. India's first private helicopter assembly line will be established in which state? (A) Karnataka (B) Gujarat (C) Telangana (D) Uttar Pradesh
Q.4. What is the purpose of the 'Sian Gudi' facility? (A) Dedicated geriatric care center (B) Tourism center for senior citizens (C) Children's hospital (D) Amusement park for all age groups
Q.5.When will the Archery Premier League (APL) be held? (A) October 22 (B) October 12 (C) November 11 (D) October 25
Q.6. In which languages is the My Bharat mobile application currently available? (A) English and Tamil (B) Hindi and English (C) Hindi and Bengali (D) English and Marathi
Q.7. How many locations have been recently identified in Haryana to develop "Namo Forests"? (A) 100 (B) 50 (C) 75 (D) 25
Q.8. Who was recently arrested in connection with the death of several children in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh? (A) Private clinic resident (B) Government doctor (C) Hospital nurse (D) Pharmacist
Q.9. Who recently wrote the book "They Will Shoot You Madam"? (a) Harinder Baweja (b) Sumit Arora (c) Raghav Chauhan (d) Namita Reddy
Q.10.Where was the museum dedicated to A. Ramachandran recently established? (A) Thiruvananthapuram (B) Kochi (C)Kollam (D) Kozhikode
Q.11. Which Tamil Nadu city is known for “Chettinad cuisine”? (a) Karaikudi (b) Madurai (c) Coimbatore (d) Salem
Q.12. Which is the oldest living temple in Tamil Nadu? (a) Kapaleeswarar Temple (b) Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram (c) Brihadeeswarar Temple (d) Meenakshi Temple
Q.13. Which wildlife sanctuary is located in the Nilgiris district? (a) Mudumalai (b) Vedanthangal (c) Guindy (d) Arignar Anna Zoological Park
Q.14.Which Tamil Nadu leader introduced the Midday Meal Scheme? (a) Rajaji (b) C.N. Annadurai (c) K. Kamaraj (d) M. Karunanidhi
Q.15.Which Tamil Nadu city is known for the “Golden Temple of Sripuram”? (a) Vellore (b) Madurai (c) Coimbatore (d) Salem
Answers with Explations
1. A Tamil Nadu became one of the first States to seek a review of a Supreme Court judgment on TET. It gave school teachers two choices — to qualify for Teaching Eligibility Test (TET) in two years or be retired compulsorily.
2. A The Tamil Nadu government has sanctioned ₹1 crore for conserving four lesser-known endangered species: lion-tailed macaque, Madras hedgehog, striped hyena, and hump-headed mahseer. ₹48.5 lakh has been allocated to the lion tailed macaque, an endangered primate native to the Western Ghats.
3. A In a landmark move for India's aviation sector, the country's first private sector helicopter final assembly line (FAL) will be set up in Vemgal, Kolar district, Karnataka. This state-of-the-art facility, being set up by Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL), will manufacture the renowned Airbus H125 helicopter. The initiative will not only cater to civilian and semi-government needs, but will also meet the Indian Armed Forces' demand for light multi-role helicopters for use on the Himalayan borders.
4. A The "Sian Gudi" facility aims to provide senior citizens with all the necessary amenities, ensure their cultural and social dignity, and provide them with access to modern medical and assistive devices. The center specifically helps senior citizens who cannot receive adequate care or facilities at home, and provides them with all the necessary amenities in a comfortable, home-like environment.
5. B The Archery Premier League (APL) has been launched. Organized on the lines of the IPL, the APL will run until October 12th. Present at the league's inauguration were former Jharkhand Chief Minister and Archery Association of India President Arjun Munda, Telugu film actor Ram Charan, Archery Association of India Secretary Virendra Sachdeva, and other Archery Association officials.
6. B Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports and Labour and Employment, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, launched the My Bharat mobile app in New Delhi. The app is currently available in Hindi and English and will soon be launched in other Indian languages. The app allows youth to participate in volunteering, internships, mentorship, and learning activities anytime, anywhere. It includes features like badges and certificates for digital identity, career empowerment tools, skill building resources, and AI-based resume creation.
7. C The state government has identified 75 locations in Haryana to develop "NaMo Vans" and is actively carrying out tree plantation drives to promote environmental conservation. NaMo Vans is a new eco-friendly park initiative launched in major cities as part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's nationwide effort to increase green areas and promote urban sustainability.
8. B Following the deaths of 11 children after consuming cough syrup in Madhya Pradesh's Chhindwara district, the state government has taken strict action. An FIR has been filed against the doctor and the manufacturing company. Dr. Praveen Soni has been arrested. Following the case filed against Tamil Nadu-based drug manufacturer Srisan Pharmaceuticals, a Special Investigation Team (SIT) will investigate the matter in Tamil Nadu. Meanwhile, a report has confirmed that 48.6% of the harmful diethylene glycol was present in the Coldrif syrup.
9. A In a rare and riveting memoir, "They Will Shoot You, Madam: My Life Through Conflict," veteran journalist Harinder Baweja recounts his experiences reporting for more than four decades in volatile regions in India and beyond. Released in Delhi, the book delves deeply into the risky, often ethically complex world of conflict journalism. The title itself reflects the gravity and danger inherent in Baweja's career, where bravery often triumphed over fear. From Operation Blue Star in 1984 to the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, his accounts capture some of the most pivotal—and dangerous—moments in recent Indian history.
10. C A museum dedicated to A. Ramachandran, one of India's most renowned modern artists, will be inaugurated in Kollam, Kerala, by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan. The tribute, less than two years after his death in February 2024 at the age of 88, marks a significant milestone in the preservation and celebration of his artistic legacy.
11. (a) Karaikudi Solution: Karaikudi in Sivaganga district is famous for Chettinad cuisine, known for spicy, flavorful dishes using aromatic spices, rice, and meat. It reflects the culinary tradition of the Chettiar community.
12. (b) Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram Solution: Thillai Nataraja Temple in Chidambaram, dedicated to Lord Shiva as Nataraja, is one of the oldest living temples. It has been a center for devotion, classical dance, and Shaivism for centuries.
13. (a) Mudumalai Solution: Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, in the Nilgiris district, is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. It shelters elephants, tigers, leopards, and endemic flora, supporting biodiversity and eco-tourism in Tamil Nadu.
14. (c) K. Kamaraj Solution: K. Kamaraj implemented the Midday Meal Scheme in Tamil Nadu to increase school enrollment, reduce dropout rates, and promote nutrition among children, making education accessible to all sections of society.
15. (a) Vellore Solution: The Golden Temple of Sripuram in Vellore is a spiritual landmark dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi. Covered in gold leaf, it attracts devotees and tourists, symbolizing devotion, architecture, and cultural heritage.
09 October 2025 Current Affairs
Samba Paddy Coverage in Cauvery Delta Only 1 lakh acres have been covered under Samba cultivation in the Cauvery delta this year, compared to 3.2 lakh acres during the same period last year. The shortfall is mainly due to delayed sowing in the Kuruvai season caused by unseasonal rains between February and April. Paddy coverage during the Kuruvai season rose to over 6 lakh acres this year,exceeding the usual 4.4 lakh acres and the previous year’s 3.9 lakh acres.
Coal India’s First All-Women Central Store Unit Inaugurated In a significant stride towards women-led development in India’s industrial sector, South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL), inaugurated the company’s first fully women-operated Central Store Unit at its Central Workshop in Korba, Chhattisgarh, on October 2025. The initiative reflects the Government of India’s commitment to empowering women under the banner of “Nari Shakti se Rashtra Shakti” and forms part of the Special Campaign 5.0 — a national effort promoting inclusivity, innovation, and good governance across ministries and PSUs.
Bitcoin Hits All-Time High Above $125,000 Amid Market Optimism Bitcoin, the world’s largest and most valuable cryptocurrency, surged to a new all time high of $125,245.57 on October, 2025, marking a 2.7% rise as per Reuters data. This record surpasses the previous peak of $124,480 in August 2025, reflecting strong institutional demand, favorable U S regulatory developments, and a weaker dollar environment.
JPMorgan Appoints New EMEA Co‑CEOs In a significant leadership reshuffle, JPMorgan Chase has appointed Conor Hillery and Matthieu Wiltz as Co-Chief Executive Officers for its operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA). This move underscores the bank’s commitment to expanding its footprint and achieving substantial growth across the EMEA region.
Nishad, Simran Win Gold at Para Athletics Worlds 2025 India celebrated a landmark achievement at the 2025 World Para Athletics Championships in New Delhi on October 2025, as Nishad Kumar and Simran Sharma each secured gold medals. Their victories came on a historic day when India claimed four medals in total, pushing the nation closer to its best-ever performance at the global para athletics stage.
RBI Unveils Four Major Banking Sector Reforms In a landmark regulatory shift, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has proposed four key measures to modernize and strengthen India’s banking system. These reforms, announced on October 2025, aim to align Indian banking practices with global standards, enhance financial resilience, and support sectors like MSMEs and housing through calibrated capital requirements.
Endangered Species Protection The Tamil Nadu government has sanctioned ₹1 crore for conserving four lesser known endangered species: lion-tailed macaque, Madras hedgehog, striped hyena, and hump-headed mahseer. ₹48.5 lakh has been allocated to the lion-tailed macaque, an endangered primate native to the Western Ghats. The Madras hedgehog, found in semi-arid regions of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala, will receive ₹20.5 lakh for conservation.
09th October – Most Important Points in History
1756: British forces led by Governor General Robert Clive recapture Calcutta. In 1756, British forces led by Governor General Robert Clive recaptured Calcutta. As a lieutenant colonel, Clive commanded the expedition sent to recapture Calcutta from Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah in December 1756. The fort of Baz-Baz was soon captured, with minimal losses to the British. Soon after, Calcutta was captured on 2 January 1757.
1845: The United States opens the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. In the year 1845, the United States opens the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. It was established on Octobe, 1845, during George Bancroft’s tenure as Secretary of the Navy. The Naval Academy is the second oldest of the five U.S. service academies and educates midshipmen for service in the officer corps of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. It is part of the Naval University System.
1906: Indian novelist R K Narayan was born. In the year 1906, Indian novelist R K Narayan was born. R K Narayan’s full name was Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami. Narayan is counted among the three greatest novelists among Indian writers of English literature. His name along with Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao is famous as ‘Brihattrayi’ in the early period of Indian English writing.
1991: India won the team title at the World Carrom Championship. In the year 1991, India won the team title at the World Carrom Championship. Many a times, he was a member of the Indian team that won the team event in a tournament. This was the case with the International Carrom Federation Cup in 1989 and 1997, the World Carrom Championship in 1991, 1995 and 2000, the SAARC Carrom Championship between 1997 and 1999, the US Open International Carrom Tournament in 1996 and the French Open International Carrom Tournament in 1998.
1910: The first All India Hindi Conference was organized in Varanasi under the chairmanship of Madan Mohan Malviya. In the year 1910, the first All India Hindi Conference was organized in Varanasi under the chairmanship of Madan Mohan Malviya. All India Hindi Sahitya Sammelan is a major public institution dedicated to the promotion of Hindi language and literature and Devanagari. Its headquarters is in Prayag (Allahabad) which has a printing press, library, museum and administrative building. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan was the first to start a scheme of awards etc. for the creations of Hindi writers to encourage them.
Multiple Choice Questions , Answers with Explanation
Q.1. Which Tamil Nadu district was ranked first in the State’s Cleanest City Survey 2025? A. Tirupur B. Coimbatore C. Madurai D. Salem
Q.2. Which Tamil Nadu government department launched the “Digital Grievance Redressal Portal 2.0” on October 2025? A. Revenue and Disaster Management B. Municipal Administration C. Rural Development D. Personnel and Administrative Reforms
Q.3. Sanae Takaichi is set to become the first female Prime Minister of which country? A. Japan B. Russia C. France D. South Korea
Q.4. According to the NCRB's 2023 report, which is the safest metropolis in India? A. Vidarbha B. Mumbai C. Chennai D. Bengaluru
Q.5. Which team recently won the Irani Cup 2025-26? A. Indore B. Kolkata C. Saurashtra D. Rest of India
Q.6. Where will the UNTCC Major Conference 2025 be held? A. Pune B. New Delhi C. Bengaluru D. Hyderabad
Q.7. Who recently launched the 'Your Capital, Your Right' campaign? A. Narendra Modi B. Sanjay Malhotra C. Nirmala Sitharaman D. Amit Shah
Q.8. Which organization will conduct the 10th National Pollution Response Exercise? A. Indian Coast Guard B. Ministry of Environment C. National Disaster Response Force D. Indian Navy
Q.9. Which pass recently completed the world's highest motorable road? A. Umling La B. MIG LD C. Khardung La D. Rohtang La
Q.10. Who has recently been appointed as India's new ODI captain? A. Virat Kohli B. Ravindra Jadeja C. Shubman Gill D. Jasprit Bumrah
Q.11. Which district in Tamil Nadu is famous for silk weaving? (a) Kanchipuram (b) Salem (c) Madurai (d) Coimbatore
Q.12. The famous “Thanjavur Paintings” belong to which art form? (a) Watercolor (b) Oil painting (c) Tanjore painting (d) Miniature painting
Q.13. Which Tamil Nadu port is known for pearl fishing? (a) Chennai Port (b) Thoothukudi Port (c) Ennore Port (d) Nagapattinam Port
Q.14. Which hill station is called the “Switzerland of South India”? (a) Ooty (b) Kodaikanal (c) Yercaud (d) Maraimalai Adigal
Q.15. Who is considered the father of Tamil prose? (a) Thiruvalluvar (b) Avvaiyar (d) Valparai (c) Bharathidasan
Answers with Explanations
1. B Coimbatore topped the Clean Tamil Nadu Mission city rankings for its solid waste management model, segregation efficiency, and waste-to-energy projects, followed by Tiruppur and Madurai.
2. A The Revenue Department launched Digital Grievance Redressal 2.0, integrating AI-based tracking to ensure faster resolution of petitions at district and taluk levels.
3. A Japan's former Economic Security Minister Sanae Takaichi was elected leader of Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in a vote held on October 15. She is set to become Japan's first female prime minister. Takaichi, a former television anchor, entered Japanese politics in 1993 and won a seat in the lower house as an independent candidate.
4. B According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Kolkata has emerged as the safest city in India for the fourth consecutive year and recorded the lowest rate of cognizable crimes in 2023. The data compared 19 metropolitan cities namely Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Ghaziabad, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kanpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Pune and Surat.
5. A Vidarbha won the Irani Cup for the third time. The team defeated Rest of India by 93 runs. Rest of India were bowled out for 267 in their second innings at the Nagpur Cricket Stadium. Yash Dhull top-scored with 92. Harsh Dubey took four wickets for Vidarbha.
6. B The Indian Army will host the Conference of Heads of United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) in New Delhi from 14 to 16 October 2025. Senior military chiefs from over 30 major countries contributing to UN peacekeeping operations will participate.
7. C Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched the "Your Capital, Your Rights" campaign from Gandhinagar, Gujarat. This campaign will help people recover their unclaimed financial assets. The campaign, which will run for three months, will make it easier to claim millions of rupees stuck in old bank accounts, insurance policies, stocks, and mutual funds.
8. A The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is conducting the 10th National Level Pollution Response Exercise (NATPOLREX-X) off the Chennai coast of Tamil Nadu. This two-day biennial event is a major national exercise to test and strengthen India's preparedness to deal with marine oil spills. The event is being held in conjunction with the 27th National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOSDCP) meeting, which will be attended by several key stakeholders from India and abroad.
9. B India has achieved a new milestone in the field of high-altitude infrastructure by constructing the world's highest motorable road at the Mig La Pass in eastern Ladakh. The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) completed the construction of the road at an altitude of 19,400 feet (5,913 metres), breaking its previous record of the Umling La Pass. This strategic route connects the Hanle area with Phukche village near the Line of Actual Control (LAC). The project was constructed under Project Himank, led by Brigadier Vishal Srivastava.
10. C Star Indian batsman Shubman Gill has been appointed India's new ODI captain, replacing Rohit Sharma. Gill has captained only 11 international matches so far and has never captained in ODIs. His rapid rise to captaincy across multiple formats could bring several challenges.
11. (a) Kanchipuram Solution: Kanchipuram is renowned for its silk weaving industry, producing Kanchipuram sarees with intricate zari work. These handwoven sarees are globally recognized, forming a vital part of Tamil Nadu’s cultural heritage, festivals, and wedding traditions.
12. (c) Tanjore painting Solution: Kanchipuram is renowned for its silk weaving industry, producing Kanchipuram sarees with intricate zari work. These handwoven sarees are globally recognized, forming a vital part of Tamil Nadu’s cultural heritage, festivals, cultural significance.
13. (b) Thoothukudi Port Solution: Thoothukudi Port, also called Pearl City Port, is famous for pearl fishing and marine trade. It contributes to Tamil Nadu’s maritime economy and has historical significance as a center of trade and fishing communities.
14. (b) Kodaikanal Solution: Kodaikanal, in Dindigul district, is known as the “Switzerland of South India” for its scenic valleys, lakes, and cool climate. It is a popular hill station attracting tourists for relaxation, trekking, and natural beauty.
15. (d) Maraimalai Adigal Solution: Maraimalai Adigal is regarded as the father of modern Tamil prose. He contributed to Tamil literature and the Tamil renaissance, promoting pure Tamil language, literary reforms, and rationalist ideas in early 20th century Tamil Nadu.
10 – October – 2025 Current Affairs
Pink Patrol in the Nilgiris Pink Patrol, a women-led police patrol initiative, was launched for the first time in the Nilgiris district to assist women and children in public spaces. It aims to prevent crimes against women and children and make it easier for victims to report offences without hesitation. Ten pink patrol vehicles will operate across Udhagamandalam, Coonoor, Kotagiri, and Gudalur.
India Launches 5 Species Projects During Wildlife Week 2025 Wildlife Week 2025 was marked by a major conservation push, with the Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav launching five new national projects focused on endangered species and human–wildlife conflict management. Themed “Human–Wildlife Coexistence,” the celebrations took place at IGNFA, Dehradun, and highlighted India’s commitment to sustainable wildlife conservation through innovation, collaboration, and community participation.
Iran Approves Currency Redenomination to Tackle Inflation In a major monetary reform, Iran’s parliament has approved a plan to remove four zeros from its national currency, the rial, in a phased transition over the coming years. The move is aimed at simplifying everyday transactions and financial statements in the wake of prolonged inflation exceeding 35%, which has severely devalued the rial.
Sanju Samson Named EPL Ambassador for India In a first-of-its-kind appointment, Indian cricketer Sanju Samson has been named the official ambassador for the English Premier League (EPL) in India. The move marks a major step in the EPL’s strategy to expand its presence in the Indian subcontinent by leveraging local sports icons with pan-India appeal.
BWF World Junior Championships 2025 Begin in Guwahati After a gap of 17 years, the BWF World Junior Championships return to India, marking a major milestone for Indian badminton. The prestigious tournament, featuring the world’s best young shuttlers, is being held in Guwahati, Assam, on October, 2025. This is the second time India is hosting the event—the first being in Pune in 2008—and it reaffirms the country’s growing role as a global badminton hub.
PayPal Onboards India’s UPI as First Payments System Partner In a landmark development for global digital payments, PayPal CEO Alex Chriss announced that India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has become the first payments system partner to be integrated into PayPal World, the company’s newly launched global payments platform. The partnership marks a significant milestone for both PayPal and India’s fintech ecosystem, further enhancing UPI’s global footprint and demonstrating its transformative role in the digital payments landscape.
Second Mahout Village Tamil Nadu Chief Minister inaugurated the second mahout village at Kozhikamuthi Elephant Camp in Anamalai Tiger Reserve. The first mahout village in India was established earlier in 2025 at Theppakadu in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. A solar-powered microgrid was installed by the State Planning Commission at a cost of ₹3.5 crore.
10 October – Most Important Points in History
1869 – Thomas Edison’s first invention American inventor Thomas Edison applied for a patent for his first invention on October, 1869. This invention was an electric vote recorder machine, which aimed to make the counting of votes faster and more accurate. Although it was not adopted practically at that time, it inspired Edison for future inventions. Later, Edison made many important inventions, which still hold an important place in the world of science and technology.
1881 – David Henderson Houston’s Roll Film Patent On October, 1881, American inventor David Henderson Houston patented roll film for cameras. This invention brought about a major change in the world of photography, as before this taking photographs was a complicated and time-consuming process.The invention of roll film made photography more simple and widespread. This technology was later popularized by Kodak and became the foundation of modern photography.
1932 – First political campaign broadcast On October 1932, the first political campaign broadcast was made in New York. This happened via radio, giving political parties a new medium to communicate their ideology and message directly to the public. This event underlined the growing role of the media in politics and marked the beginning of the influence of radio and television in future election campaigns.
1968 – Apollo 7 Television Broadcast On October, 1968, the first television broadcast from orbit was made from America’s first manned Apollo mission ‘Apollo 7’. This historic event proved to be a milestone in space science, as it gave the public a direct view from inside a spacecraft for the first time. Apollo 7 later laid the foundation for the Apollo 11 mission, which was crucial for landing humans on the Moon.
2008 – First train in Kashmir On October 2008, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh flagged off the first train to run in the Kashmir Valley from Nowgong station. This rail service proved to be an important link for the people of the valley, improving the economic and social condition of the region.
Multiple Choice Questions , Answers with Explanation
Q.1. Which state government's Chief Minister's Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme recently spent ₹142 crore on oncology treatment in 2023? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.2. What target did Tamil Nadu announce at the AeroDefCon 2025 conference held in Chennai? A. ₹50,000 crore in defense investment by 2030 B. ₹75,000 crore in defense investment by 2032 C. ₹1 lakh crore by 2035 D. ₹25,000 crore by 2030
Q.3. Who was recently awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A. Catalin Karikó and Drew Weissman B. Mary E. Brunko, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi C. Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier D. William Kaelin and Greg Semenza
Q.4. How many medals did India win at the 2025 World Para Athletics Championships? A. 22 medals B. 26 medals C. 28 medals D. 30 medals
Q.5. Which place has recently been renamed 'Zubin Garg Island' by the Singapore government? A. St. George Island B. St. John's Island C. Marina Bay D. St. Andrew's Island
Q.6. In which state was a museum dedicated to A. Ramachandran recently inaugurated? A. Kerala B. Tamil Nadu C. Andhra Pradesh D. Karnataka
Q.7. In which state was the 'My Home' scheme recently launched? A. Madhya Pradesh B. Goa C. Uttar Pradesh D. Rajasthan
Q.8. The 'Konkan-2025 Exercise' was recently conducted between the navies of which two countries? A. India and France B. India and the UK C. India and Japan D. India and the United States
Q.9. Which Union Minister recently inaugurated the Makhana Centre of Excellence? A. Giriraj Singh B. Shivraj Singh Chouhan C. Piyush Goyal D. Nitish Kumar
Q.10. The late Sandhya Shantaram recently passed away. Who was she? A. Female singer B. Economist C. Actress D. Writer
Q.11. The “Pichavaram Mangrove Forest” is located in which district? (a) Cuddalore (b) Thanjavur (c) Villupuram (d) Kanyakumari
Q.12.Which district in Tamil Nadu is known for turmeric cultivation? (a) Erode (b) Salem (c) Madurai (d) Dindigul
Q.13. Which Tamil Nadu city is called the “Medical Capital of South India”? (a) Chennai (b) Madurai (c) Coimbatore (d) Vellore
Q.14. Which temple in Tamil Nadu is famous for the “Aadi Perukku” festival? (a) Meenakshi Temple (b) Ranganathaswamy Temple (c)Thiruvannamalai Annamalaiyar Temple (d) Kanchipuram Ekambareswarar Temple
Q.15. Which district is called the “Granite City of India”? (a)Salem (b) Coimbatore (c) Erode (d) Tiruppur
Answers with Explanations
1. A Tamil Nadu’s Chief Minister’s Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme spent ₹142 crore on oncology treatments in 2023. The spending rose to ₹147 crore in 2024 and reached ₹84 crore till August 2025.
2. B CM M K Stalin inaugurated AeroDefCon 2025 and announced TN’s goal to attract ₹75,000 crore in Defence Corridor investments by 2032. The corridor already received commitments of ₹23,000 crore.
3. B Three scientists from the United States and Japan have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discoveries on the immune system. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute announced that the prize will be awarded jointly to Mary E. Brunko (United States), Fred Ramsdell (United States) and Shimon Sakaguchi (Japan). The prize, worth 11 million Swedish kronor, will be divided equally among the winners.
4. A Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi praised the Indian para-athlete contingent for its historic performance at the 2025 World Para-athlete Championships held in New Delhi. India produced its best-ever performance at the competition, winning 22 medals, including 6 gold, marking a new milestone in the country's para-sport journey. Shri Modi also expressed pride in India hosting this prestigious global event for the first time.
5. B Following the death of 52-year-old singer-actor Zubeen Garg while sea kayaking near Singapore's St. John's Island, fans have marked a spot on the island and named it "Zubeen Garg Island" after their beloved "Zubeen Da." Besides tagging the island on Google Maps, fans have also pinned old photos of Zubeen performing at the same spot.
6. A Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan inaugurated a museum in Kollam honoring India's renowned contemporary artist A. Ramachandran. Less than two years after his death, the tribute marks an important occasion to preserve his artistic legacy and contributions.
7. B Union Home Minister Amit Shah unveiled Goa's 'Mahaje Ghar' scheme at a function in Taleigao, which aims to regularise houses built on government and community land and provide ownership rights to long-time residents. Key infrastructure and institutional projects worth over ₹2,452 crore were also inaugurated on the occasion.
8. B Exercise Konkan-25 commenced off India's west coast. It is a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. It consists of two phases – harbor and sea phases – that include professional exchanges, sports, cultural activities, and complex maneuvers. INS Vikrant is participating from the Indian side.
9. B Union Minister of Agriculture, Farmers Welfare and Rural Development, Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, arrived in Patna on a day-long visit to Bihar. The Union Minister participated in the Makhana Festival 2025 held at Gyan Bhawan, Gandhi Maidan, Patna, and released the report "Prosperity from Makhana Culture."
10. C Veteran actress and renowned dancer Sandhya Shantaram was cremated at the Shivaji Park crematorium in Mumbai. She passed away at the age of 87. Sandhya rose to fame with filmmaker V. Shantaram's classic film Navrang, whose song "Are Ja Re Hat Natkhat" became particularly popular. She earned acclaim for her performances in films like Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje, Jal Bin Machhli Nritya Bin Bijli, Do Aankhen Barah Haath, Amar Bhoopali and Pinjra. Maharashtra's Cultural Affairs Minister Ashish Shelar paid tribute to the veteran artiste, remembering her contribution to Indian cinema and dance.
11. (b) Thanjavur Solution: Pichavaram Mangrove Forest, in Thanjavur district near Chidambaram, is one of the world’s largest mangrove forests. It supports biodiversity, including birds and fish, and promotes eco-tourism and environmental conservation.
12. (b) Salem Solution: Salem district is famous for high-quality turmeric cultivation. Known as “Salem Turmeric,” it is exported ationally and internationally, supporting agriculture-based livelihoods and contributing to Tamil Nadu’s spice trade economy.
13. (d) Vellore Solution: Vellore is called the “Medical Capital of South India” due to the presence of Christian Medical College (CM(C) and associated hospitals. It provides high-quality healthcare, medical education, and research facilities.
14. (b) Ranganathaswamy Temple Solution: The Aadi Perukku festival, celebrating river and water blessings, is prominent at the Ranganathaswamy Temple in Srirangam. Devotees pray for prosperity and good harvest, reflecting Tamil Nadu’s agrarian culture.
15. (a) Salem Solution: Salem district is known as the “Granite City of India” due to its abundant granite deposits. The granite industry supports construction, exports, and employment, contributing significantly to Tamil Nadu’s industrial economy.
11 – Octoer – 2025 Current Affairs
Tamil Nadu CM Stalin announces launch of co-creation fund to support startups The Tamil Nadu government will create a co-creation fund, with an allocation of ₹100 crore, to invest in venture capital funds, said Chief Minister M K Stalin at the inauguration of the Global Startup Summit in Coimbatore on (October, 2025). “I would like to announce a new initiative at this summit aimed at further strengthening Tamil Nadu’s startup ecosystem. A co-creation fund with an allocation of ₹100 crore will be established. The fund will be managed by the Tamil Nadu Startup and Innovation Mission (StartupTN),”.
India Achieves Record Solar & Wind Generation in Early 2025 In a landmark development for India’s energy transition, the country generated record levels of solar and wind power in the first half of 2025, as per a report by the energy think‑tank Ember. This surge not only increased the share of clean energy but also helped reduce power sector emissions by 24 million tonnes compared to the same period in 2024.
WTO Cuts 2026 Trade Forecast, Ups 2025 Outlook Amid Tariff Shifts The World Trade Organization (WTO) has issued a significant revision to its global trade outlook, sharply reducing the 2026 growth forecast for merchandise trade volume to just 0.5%, down from its earlier estimate of 1.8%. This cut reflects the delayed effects of recent US tariffs and broader signs of a cooling global economy. However, the outlook for 2025 has improved, with the WTO upgrading its forecast to 2.4%, up from just 0.9% in August.
Khaled El-Enany Set to Become First Arab UNESCO Chief Dr Khaled El-Enany, Egypt’s former Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, is on the cusp of making history as the first Arab Director-General of UNESCO. On October, 2025, the UNESCO Executive Board backed his nomination with an overwhelming majority, making him the front-runner ahead of the final vote by UNESCO’s 194-member General Conference in November 2025. If confirmed, El Enany will succeed Audrey Azoulay of France and assume office in early 2026 for a four-year term, leading one of the world’s most influential organizations for education, science, culture, and heritage.
László Krasznahorkai Wins the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for His Visionary Oeuvre The Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 has been awarded to László Krasznahorkai, the celebrated Hungarian novelist renowned for his dense, poetic, and apocalyptic prose. The Swedish Academy honored him “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.” Krasznahorkai’s works delve into the depths of human despair, chaos, and beauty, marking him as one of the most distinctive voices in contemporary world literature.
NPCI Launches Biometric and Wearable Glass Authentication for UPI Payments In a landmark development for India’s digital finance ecosystem, the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), in collaboration with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has unveiled biometric and wearable glass-based authentication for UPI (Unified Payments Interface) transactions. Announced at the Global Fintech Fest 2025 in Mumbai, the new system allows users to authenticate payments using facial recognition or fingerprints linked to their Aadhaar — potentially replacing the traditional 4- or 6-digit UPI PIN.
Oncology Healthcare in TN Tamil Nadu’s Chief Minister’s Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme spent ₹142 crore on oncology treatments in 2023. The spending rose to ₹147 crore in 2024 and reached ₹84 crore till August 2025. The scheme covers medical, surgical, and radiation oncology with internationally approved treatment protocols. There are 183 hospitals empanelled for medical oncology and 171 for surgical oncology under the scheme.
11 – October – Important Points on History
1792: The first monument to Christopher Columbus, discoverer of America, is dedicated in Baltimore, Maryland. The first monument to Christopher Columbus, discoverer of America, is dedicated in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1792. The monument was originally located on the D’Anmore property at North Avenue and Harford Road. It was rededicated on October, 1964, and moved to its current location in Herring Run Park at Harford Road, Walther Avenue, and Parkside Drive.
1815 – Joachim Murat, former King of Naples, is sentenced to death. Joachim Murat was a French army officer and statesman, who served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Under the French Empire he held the military titles of Marshal of the Empire and Admiral of France. He was the first Prince Murat, Grand Duke of Berg from 1806 to 1808, and King of Naples as Joachim-Napoleon (Italian: Gioacchino Napoleone) from 1808 to 1815.
1822 – Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed Constitutional Emperor of Brazil. José Bonifácio de Andrada, along with other Brazilian leaders, persuades Pedro to declare Brazil’s independence from Portugal in September, 1822. On October, the prince is proclaimed Pedro I, the first Emperor of the newly created Empire of Brazil, a constitutional monarchy.
1847 – German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founded Siemens AG & Halske Co. Werner von Siemens was a responsible entrepreneur and visionary inventor who played an important role in promoting the development of the electrical industry. His creation of the pointer telegraph led to the foundation of the Telegrafen Bauchanstalt von Siemens & Halske. Founded in 1847, the company soon became an international enterprise.
1860 – British and French forces capture Beijing, the capital of China. In 1860, British and French forces capture Beijing, the capital of China. Negotiations quickly broke down and the British High Commissioner to China ordered troops to loot and destroy the Imperial Summer Palace, a complex and gardens where the emperors of the Qing dynasty traditionally handled the country’s official affairs.
Multiple Choice Questions, Anwsers and Explanations
Q.1. Which two cough syrup brands did Tamil Nadu ban on October 2025? A. Coldrif & CoughFree B. Relife & Respifresh TR C. Tussin & Bronco D. ClearCough & Respisure
Q.2. By when has Tamil Nadu directed district collectors to remove caste-based names from streets and waterbodies? A. November 1, 2025 B. November 10, 2025 C. November 19, 2025 D. December 1, 2025
Q.3. Who will receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2025? A. Michel Devoret B. John Martinis C. John Clarke D. All of the above
Q.4. Where were the 69th National School Games recently held? A. Bhopal B. Srinagar C. Indore D. Bengaluru
Q.5. Which country recently launched Southeast Asia's first coral larval cryobank? A. Indonesia B. Philippines C. France D. UAE
Q.6. Who recently announced the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Vande Mataram? A. Indian Parliament B. Rashtrapati Bhavan C. Union Cabinet D. Supreme Court
Q.7. Which initiative has the Government of India recently launched for the conservation of camels? A. National Camel Sustainability Initiative B. Desert Animal Conservation Scheme C. Camel Development Scheme D. National Livestock Mission
Q.8. Which state government recently launched the 'Shradhanjali Yojana'? A. Assam B.Sikkim C. Kolkata D. Odisha Q.9. In which state was the 'Mera Hou Chongba' festival recently celebrated? A. Manipur B. Assam C.West Bengal D. Kolkata
Q.10. Which state recently became the first state to abolish the Madrasa Board and mainstream minority education? A. Uttarakhand B. Haryana C. Punjab D. Uttar Pradesh
Q.11. The famous “Gangaikonda Cholapuram” temple was built by which ruler? (a) Rajaraja Chola I (b) Rajendra Chola I (c) Kulothunga Chola (d) Karikala Chola
Q.12. Which city is called the “Leather City of South India”? (a) Coimbatore (b) Vellore (c) Salem (d) Madurai
Q.13. Which Tamil poet is known as “Kavi Arasu”? (a) Subramania Bharati (b) Bharathidasan (c) Kambar (d) Ilango Adigal
Q.14. Which city is famous for “lock making industry”? (a) Dindigul (b) Madurai (c) Madurai (d) Salem
Q.15. The “Marina Beach” is located in which city? (a) Chennai (b) Coimbatore (c) Coimbatore (d) Salem
Anwsers and Explanations
1. B The State Drugs Control Department banned the sale, purchase, and use of Relife and Respifresh TR after alerts about contamination (diethylene glycol).
2. C The government ordered that all caste-named streets, localities, and waterbodies be renamed by 19 November 2025 with names honoring Tamil figures or neutral names.
3. D The announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prizes has begun. Following the announcement of the Nobel Prizes in Medicine, the Nobel Committee announced the Nobel Prizes in Physics. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis. They were awarded for their discovery of "macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling and energy quantization in electrical circuits."
4. B The 69th National School Games (NSG) began in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Organized in collaboration with the Directorate of Youth Services and Sports, the National School Games will be held at six different venues, featuring 30 teams from various states and union territories across the country. The games include sports such as football, wushu, taekwondo, and table tennis.
5. B The Philippines has launched Southeast Asia's first coral larval cryobank in 2025, aiming to preserve the genetic diversity of corals and protect marine reef ecosystems. The initiative comes at a time when global coral populations are under serious threat due to climate change, bleaching, and human activities.
6. C Prime Minister Narendra Modi's monthly radio program "Mann Ki Baat" is celebrating its 11th anniversary. Over the years, the program has become more than just a broadcast, embodying public aspirations, inspiring stories, and citizen-government dialogue.
7. A The Indian government's Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying plans to launch the National Camel Sustainability Initiative (NCSI) to save the country's dwindling camel population. This ambitious mission aims to restore the economic and ecological importance of camels.
8. A The Assam government has launched the 'Shraddhanjali' scheme for the dignified transportation of Assamese youth who die while working or studying outside the state. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma formally launched the scheme in Guwahati. The scheme will primarily benefit youth working in low-paying jobs outside Assam and those who die in unnatural circumstances, such as accidents or murder. Deaths occurring during medical treatment will not be included. The Assam Police's Special Branch, headed by a DIG-level officer, will act as the nodal agency and coordinate efforts through a dedicated helpline – 112 – and official social media channels.
9. A A powerful symbol of unity between the hill tribes and the valley dwellers, the "Mera Hou Chongba" festival was celebrated with great enthusiasm in Manipur. It is celebrated on the full moon day (15th lunar day) of the "Mera" month of the traditional Meitei calendar. This festival is a living example of community harmony, traditional identity, and cultural solidarity.
10. A Uttarakhand has become the first state to abolish the Madrasa Board and integrate minority educational institutions into the mainstream education system. Governor Lieutenant General Gurmeet Singh approved the Uttarakhand Minority Education Bill. This bill was introduced to establish uniformity in the state's education system. With its approval, madrasas in the state will now be required to obtain recognition from the Uttarakhand Minority Education Authority and register with the Uttarakhand Board of School Education.
11. (b) Rajendra Chola I Solution: Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple, built by Rajendra Chola I, commemorates his victorious northern campaigns. It reflects Chola architecture, devotion to Lord Shiva, and historical significance of the Chola empire.
12. (b) Vellore Solution: Vellore is called the “Leather City of South India” for its leather and tannery industries. The city exports finished leather products worldwide and plays a key role in Tamil Nadu’s industrial economy.
13. (b) Bharathidasan Solution: Bharathidasan, a 20th-century Tamil poet, is known as “Kavi Arasu.” His literary works promoted social reform, rationalism, Tamil language, and progressive ideas, influencing Tamil Nadu’s cultural and political landscape.
14. (a) Dindigul Solution: Dindigul is renowned for its traditional lock-making industry. The Dindigul locks are durable, high-quality, and widely used across India, supporting local employment and preserving artisanal craftsmanship.
15. (a) Chennai Solution: Marina Beach, located in Chennai, is India’s longest urban beach. It is a major tourist attraction, cultural site, and location for public events, festivals, and social gatherings in Tamil Nadu.
October -13 Important Points in History
1643- Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I was born. The year 1643 marks the birth of Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I. Bahadur Shah I was born on October 1643, in Burhanpur, India. He was the Mughal emperor of India from 1707-12. As Prince Muazzam, the second son of emperor Aurangzeb, he was the likely successor after his elder brother joined his father’s brother and rival, Shah Shuja.
1882- Punjab University was established in Shimla. Punjab University was established in Shimla in the year 1882. Punjab University is one of the oldest universities of India. It is located in Chandigarh. It was established in Lahore in 1882 and after partition, it was functioning from Delhi and Shimla for some time in India. Since 1958, it is currently spread over about 450 acres of land in two sectors of Chandigarh city.
1943- Japan declared the independence of the Philippines. In the year 1943, Japan declared the independence of the Philippines. The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942 and 1945, when the Japanese Empire occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II. The invasion of the Philippines began on December 8, 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. As at Pearl Harbor, American aircraft were badly damaged in the initial Japanese attack. Lacking air cover, the US Asiatic Fleet in the Philippines withdrew to Java on December 12, 1941.
1948- War between Israel and Egypt begins. War between Israel and Egypt begins in the year 1948. The 1948 war formally ends with the signing of armistice agreements between Israel and the four Arab belligerent countries: Egypt (on 24 February 1949), Lebanon (on 23 March 1949), Jordan (on 3 April 1949) and Syria (on 20 July 1949). The Iraqis refuse to participate in armistice talks.
2010- The 19th Commonwealth Games concluded in Delhi. The 19th Commonwealth Games concluded in Delhi on October 2010. These games were organized between 3 and 14 October 2010. This was the first time that India hosted the Commonwealth Games. These games were inaugurated at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Delhi and the closing ceremony was also held here.
October – 13 Current Affairs
AeroDefCon 2025 Tamil Nadu Chief Minister inaugurated AeroDefCon 2025 at Chennai Trade Centre. The three-day global aerospace and defence event is organised by TIDCO (Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation), AIDAT (Aerospace Industry Development Association of Tamil Nadu), and BCI Aerospace of France. The event is supported by the Ministry of Defence and focuses on indigenisation, self-reliance, and global supply chain integration.
India’s First Bullet Train to Run by August 2027 India is preparing to enter a new era of high-speed rail connectivity, with the country’s first bullet train expected to become operational by August 2027, according to Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw. The announcement was made at the first-ever Vibrant Gujarat Regional Conference in Mehsana, Gujarat, marking a major milestone in India’s journey toward becoming a Viksit Bharat (Developed India).
India–UK Joint Statement 2025 Highlights Strategic Cooperation Marking a key milestone in bilateral relations, India and the United Kingdom issued a comprehensive Joint Statement on October 2025, following the official visit of UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer to India. This was Prime Minister Starmer’s first visit to India and reciprocated Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s July 2025 visit to the UK, where the historic India–UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Vision 2035 roadmap were signed.
Rishi Sunak Joins Microsoft and Anthropic as Adviser Former UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has taken on new roles in the global technology sector by joining Microsoft and Anthropic, a leading artificial intelligence company, as a senior adviser. These part-time, non-policy roles will see Sunak offering strategic guidance on macroeconomic and geopolitical trends, further marking his transition from public office to international corporate engagement.
Bumrah Becomes First Indian Pacer with 50 Matches Across All Format In a landmark moment for Indian cricket, Jasprit Bumrah etched his name in the record books by becoming the first Indian fast bowler to play 50 Test matches across all international formats. The feat was achieved during the second Test match against the West Indies at the Arun Jaitley Stadium in Delhi on October, 2025. This milestone solidifies Bumrah’s legacy as one of India’s finest modern pacers.
HDFC Bank Launches “My Business QR” In a move that merges digital identity with payment acceptance, HDFC Bank has introduced “My Business QR”, a first-of-‑its-kind commerce identity QR tailored for small businesses. Unveiled at Global Fintech Fest (GFF) 2025, this innovation aims to help retailers make an easy shift from offline to online commerce while enhancing their discoverability, customer engagement, and payment capabilities.
Chola-era inscriptions The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) documented 10 Chola-era inscriptions from the Vedapureeswarar Shiva temple at Therizhandhur in Mayiladuthurai district. Two inscriptions, dated to the 34th and 44th regnal years of Kulottunga Chola I. It records a grant of five gold coins to Brahmins for lighting lamps in the temple.
Multiple Choice Questions , Anwswers with Explanations
Q.1. Recently, in May 2025, which state recorded 3,170 wild elephants, which is 107 more than the 2024 count of 3,063? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.2. Recently, which state's Mediation and Conciliation Centre settled 1,361 cases during the Mediation for the Nation campaign? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.3. Indian cricketer Sanju Samson has recently been appointed the official ambassador of which league in India? A. La Liga B. English Premier League C. Indian Super League D. Big Bash League
Q.4. Which scientists were recently awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics? A. John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis B. David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian, and James Ellis C. Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel, and Andrea Ghez D. Stephen Hosking, Kip Thorne, and George Smoot
Q.5. The recent "Mera Hou Chongba" festival, celebrated in Manipur, symbolizes what? A. Religious renaissance B. Agricultural prosperity C. Unity between hill and valley communities D. Commemoration of the freedom struggle
Q.6. According to the Ember report, in which sector did India record its highest-ever production in the first half of 2025? A. Solar and wind power generation B. Coal-based power generation C. Hydroelectric power generation D. Nuclear power generation
Q.7. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) first global report released in October 2025, approximately how many adolescents (13-15 years old) worldwide are using e-cigarettes? A. 5 million B. 1 crore C. 1.5 crore D. 2 crore
Q.8.Union Home Minister Amit Shah has moved his official email to which Indian platform in October 2025? A. Zoho Mail B. TCS Mail C. Infosys Connect D. HCL Workplace
Q.9. Where did Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurate the 9th India Mobile Congress (IMC) in October 2025? A. Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi B. Pragati Maidan, New Delhi C. Yashobhoomi Convention Centre, New Delhi D. /India Habitat Centre, New Delhi
Q.10. In October 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched which of India's first common mobility apps, which integrates 11 public transport services in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR)? A. Mumbai One B. Jan Yatra C. Bharat Moov D. Travel India
Q.11. Which Tamil Nadu temple is known for its golden chariot? (a) Meenakshi Temple, Madurai (b) Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur (c) Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam (d) Kapaleeswarar Temple, Chennai
Q.12. Who is regarded as the “Tamil Poet of Freedom”? (a) Bharathidasan (b)Subramania Bharati (c) Kambar (d) Ilango Adigal
Q.13. The “Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary” is located in which district? (a) Coimbatore (b)Erode (c) Salem (d) Thanjavur
Q.14. Which Tamil Nadu city is famous for “Sungudi Sarees”? (a) Madurai (b) Kanchipuram (c) Coimbatore (d) Erode
Q.15. Which district is known as the “Granary of South India”? (a) Thanjavur (b) Salem (c) Coimbatore (d) Tirunelveli
Answers with Explanations
1. A Tamil Nadu recorded 3,170 wild elephants in May 2025, an increase of 107 from the 2024 count of 3,063. The synchronised survey covered 8,989.63 square kilometres across 26 forest divisions using both direct and indirect methods.
2. A The Tamil Nadu Mediation and Conciliation Centre settled 1,361 cases during the Mediation for Nation campaign. A total of 25,584 cases were referred for mediation between July 1 and September 30, 2025.
3. B Indian cricket team star batsman Sanju Samson has been appointed as the official brand ambassador of the English Premier League in India. This announcement underscores the English Premier League's deep commitment to the Indian sports market and its significant efforts to grow football's popularity in the country. Samson, who has earned recognition for his explosive innings and leadership skills on the cricket field, will now take on a new role in promoting football.
4. A The announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prizes has begun. Following the announcement of the Nobel Prizes in Medicine, the Nobel Committee announced the Nobel Prizes in Physics. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis. They were awarded for their discovery of "macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling and energy quantization in electrical circuits."
5. C A powerful symbol of unity between the hill tribes and the valley dwellers, the "Mera Hou Chongba" festival was celebrated with great enthusiasm in Manipur. It is celebrated on the full moon day of the "Mera" month of the traditional Meitei calendar. This festival is a living example of community harmony, traditional identity, and cultural solidarity.
6. A Marking a historic achievement for India's energy transition, the country produced its highest amount of solar and wind power ever in the first half of 2025. According to a report by energy think-tank Ember, this increase significantly boosted the share of clean energy and reduced carbon emissions from the power sector by 24 million tons compared to the same period in 2024. This performance not only underscores India's renewable energy potential but also demonstrates that the country is taking concrete steps towards sustainable development, even though the weather during this period was relatively moderate and electricity demand remained stable.
7. C In a landmark report released in October 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a dire warning about the increasing use of e-cigarettes (vaping) among adolescents. According to the report, at least 15 million adolescents aged 13 to 15 worldwide are using e-cigarettes, which the organization described as a "global epidemic" of nicotine addiction among youth. Shockingly, adolescents were found to be nine times more likely to use e-cigarettes than adults—causing deep concern among health experts and policymakers.
8. A In a symbolic and impactful move, Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced that he has moved his official email to Zoho Mail. The move is in line with the government's initiative towards a self-reliant India in the technology sector, and comes at a time of rising trade tensions with the United States.
9. C Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 9th edition of India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2025, Asia's largest telecom, media and technology event, at the Yashobhoomi Convention Centre in New Delhi. Addressing the gathering, the Prime Minister emphasized that digital connectivity is no longer a privilege or a luxury, but an integral part of every Indian's daily life. He said that India's rapid growth in the telecom and digital technology sectors reflects the success of the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision.
10. A The Prime Minister also launched "Mumbai One," an integrated common mobility app for 11 Public Transport Operators (PTOs) across the Metro, Monorail, Suburban Railway and Bus PTOs. These include Mumbai Metro Line 2A and 7, Mumbai Metro Line 3, Mumbai Metro Line 1, Mumbai Monorail, Navi Mumbai Metro, Mumbai Suburban Railway, Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST), Thane Municipal Transport, Mira Bhayandar Municipal Transport, Kalyan Dombivali Municipal Transport and Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport.
11. (c) Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam Solution: Ranganathaswamy Temple’s golden chariot is used in temple festivals. It symbolizes devotion and grandeur, attracting thousands of devotees, reflecting Tamil Nadu’s religious and cultural heritage.
12. (b) Subramania Bharati Solution: Subramania Bharati, a nationalist poet, inspired Indians through patriotic songs and essays. He promoted women’s empowerment, education, and social reform, earning him the title “Tamil Poet of Freedom.”
13. (a) Coimbatore Solution: Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary (Anamalai Tiger Reserve) is in Coimbatore district. It protects tigers, elephants, lion-tailed macaques, and diverse flora, forming an important part of Tamil Nadu’s Western Ghats biodiversity.
14. (a) Madurai Solution: Madurai is known for Sungudi sarees, lightweight cotton tie-and-dye sarees. These colorful traditional sarees are culturally significant and popular during festivals and daily wear in Tamil Nadu.
15. (a) Thanjavur Solution: Thanjavur, located in the Cauvery delta, is the “Granary of South India” for abundant rice production. Fertile soil and irrigation facilities contribute to high agricultural yield and regional prosperity.
October – 14 Current Affairs
Global Startup Summit 2025 The Tamil Nadu Global Startup Summit (TNGSS) 2025 was held in Coimbatore. Tamil Nadu’s registered startups grew from 2,032 in 2021 to over 12,000 in 2025. This ecosystem’s value rose from $3 billion to $27.4 billion. The summit was organised by the Tamil Nadu Startup and Innovation Mission (StartupTN). StartupTN launched the TNGSS app with artificial intelligence-based matchmaking, event schedules, and personalised networking tools.
Buddha’s Relics to Visit Russia’s Kalmykia for First Time In a significant step toward promoting India’s spiritual heritage and diplomacy, the Government of India has announced that the sacred relics of Lord Buddha will be sent to Russia’s Kalmykia Republic for the first-ever public exposition. The event, to be held in Elista, the capital of Kalmykia, will run on October 2025, aiming to bless the local Buddhist population and strengthen spiritual and cultural connections.
Delhi Declaration Elevates Global South Cities at COP30 With climate diplomacy increasingly focused on implementation on the ground, cities are asserting their role as frontline actors. The Delhi Declaration on Local Action for Global Climate Goals, adopted on October, 2025, at the first ARISE Cities Forum in New Delhi, marks a landmark moment. It amplifies the urban voice of the Global South, demanding that local governments be recognized as partners in the global climate regime.
Castrol India MD Resigns, Interim CEO Appointed Castrol India, a major player in the lubricant sector, is undergoing a leadership transition. Kedar Lele, the current Managing Director, is set to step down at the end of December 2025 to explore new opportunities. In his place, the company has appointed Saugata Basuray as Interim CEO, starting January 2026, while he retains his existing role as Wholetime Director & Head of B2C Sales.
SBI aims to enhance gender diversity, increase female workforce to 30% by 2030 The bank is taking measures to bridge the gap and achieve its medium-term goal of 30% women in its workforce, says Mr Poludasu. State Bank of India (SBI), the country’s largest lender, has devised a strategy to boost gender diversity, aiming to increase its women workforce to 30% within five years.
Filmfare Awards 2025 The 70th Filmfare Awards 2025 celebrated the best of Hindi cinema at a glittering event held at EKA Arena, Kankaria Lake, Ahmedabad. The grand evening was hosted by Shah Rukh Khan, along with Karan Johar and Maniesh Paul. The ceremony saw breathtaking performances by Shah Rukh Khan, Kriti Sanon, and Kajol, among others. The highlight of the night was Kiran Rao’s Laapataa Ladies, which swept 13 awards, equalling the record set by Gully Boy in 2020.
Formation of Heritage Commission The Madras High Court ordered the Tamil Nadu government to constitute the Tamil Nadu Heritage Commission (TNHC) within four weeks. The court noted the commission was still not formed despite the TNHC Act being brought into force on March 12, 2024, after a 12-year delay. The commission is meant to protect heritage buildings not covered under national or state archaeological laws.
October – 14 Important Points in History
1240: Death of Razia Sultan, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1236 AD to 1240 AD. Razia al-Din (1205-1240), royal name “Jalal Ud-Din Razi”, commonly known in history as Razia Sultan, was a Muslim woman ruler of Delhi. She was the Sultan (a title used by Turkish rulers) of the Delhi Sultanate. She ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1236 AD to 1240 AD. Razia abandoned the practice of purdah and used to go to the royal court with an open face like men.
1931: Former President and Missile Man APJ Abdul Kalam was born. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, also known as Missile Man and People’s President, was the eleventh elected President of the Republic of India. He was renowned as a former President of India, a renowned scientist and engineer. He played a decisive, organisational, technical and political role in India’s Pokhran II nuclear test in 1998, the second time since India’s first original nuclear test in 1974.
1932: Tata Group started the first airline. It was named ‘Tata Sons Limited’. In 1932, Tata Company started India’s first airline named Tata Sons Limited. This airline run by JRD Tata was an important step that started the era of air travel in India. Tata Airlines, which later became Air India, played a major role in the development of the Indian aviation industry.
1935 – First flight of Tata Airlines October 1935 – First flight of Tata Airlines In 1935, the first commercial flight of Tata Airlines started, which was a milestone in the history of Indian aviation. This flight was from Karachi to Mumbai and was operated by JRD Tata himself. This airline later became the national airline “Air India”.
1949 – Merger of Tripura into India. October 1949 – Merger of Tripura into India In 1949, the state of Tripura was merged into India. There were many discussions about the political status of Tripura after independence, but on this day Tripura officially became a part of the Republic of India. This was an important step for the integrity and unity of India.
Multiple Choice Questions, Answers with Explanations
Q.1. In which state, cotton acreage is expected to decline this year, especially in the delta region? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.2. Which state is currently preparing an infrastructure roadmap to become India's hub for the low-altitude economy (LAE) focused on drones and advanced air mobility? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.3. The recently signed Plutonium Management and Disposal Agreement (PMDA) is an agreement between the United States and which country? A. China B.Israel C. Russia D. India
Q.4. For what purposes did India and Australia sign new defense agreements in October 2025? A. To strengthen operational cooperation between armed forces and partnership in the IndoPacific region B. To promote only trade and investment C. To promote cultural exchange D. To collaborate on space research
Q.5. SAKSHAM, recently launched by the Indian Army, was developed for what purpose? A. To enhance communication networks for soldiers B. To detect, track, and neutralize enemy drones in real-time C. To develop a new radar system for border surveillance D. To upgrade naval missile launch systems
Q.6. Recently, India's Sherry Singh made history by winning the title of Mrs. Universe 2025 in which international beauty pageant? A. Mrs. Universe 2025 B. Mrs. World 2025 C. Mrs. Earth 2025 D. Mrs. Globe 2025
Q.7. The India-UK Connectivity & Innovation Centre, recently launched by India and the United Kingdom, has been established primarily to promote cooperation in which area? A. Defence Manufacturing B. Education and Culture C. Digital Diplomacy and Telecommunication Technology D. Agricultural Research
Q.8. What was the main objective of the visit of United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer to India in October 2025? A. To strengthen the India-UK Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and promote cooperation in technology, education, and climate action B. To sign defence agreements with India C. To discuss only trade agreements D. To participate in a cultural festival
Q.9. Which new unit was recently established by the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIAA) to strengthen the implementation of the AYUSH insurance policy? A. National Health Mission Unit B. Ayush Education Coordination Centre C. Project Management Unit (PMU) D. Ayurvedic Research Council
Q.10. Which Indian fast bowler recently achieved the distinction of becoming the first Indian pacer to play 50 matches in all international formats (Test, ODI, and T20)? A. Jasprit Bumrah B. Mohammed Shami C. Bhuvneshwar Kumar D. Ishant Sharma
Q.11. Who established the “Kalakshetra Foundation”? (a) Rukmini Devi Arundale (b) Periyar (c) C.N. Annadurai (d) Rajaji
Q.12. The “Vivekananda Rock Memorial” is located at? (a) Kanyakumari (b) Rameswaram (c) Nagapattinam (d) Thoothukudi
Q.13. Which Tamil Nadu city is known for “Athangudi Tiles”? (a) Karaikudi (b) Madurai (c) Tiruchirappalli (d) Vellore
Q.14. Which Tamil Nadu leader was the first CM of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam? (a)C.N. Annadurai (b) M. Karunanidhi (c) K. Kamaraj (d) Rajaji
Q.15. Which temple is famous for “Natyanjali Dance Festival”? (a) Chidambaram Nataraja Temple (b) Meenakshi Temple (c) Kapaleeswarar Temple (d) Ranganathaswamy Temple
Answers with Explanations
1. A The area under cotton cultivation in Tamil Nadu, especially in the delta region, is expected to decline this year. Farmers who harvested cotton in July (aadi pattam) received only last year’s minimum support price (MSP). The Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) has not procured cotton in Tamil Nadu since 2019 under the MSP scheme.
2. A Tamil Nadu is preparing an infrastructure roadmap to become India's hub for the low-altitude economy (LAE) focused on drones and advanced air mobility. LAE covers aerial operations up to 3,000 metres. It includes manned and unmanned systems powered by evolving drone technologies. The state has set up India’s first drone testing centre at SIPCOT Vallam Vadagal.
3. C The lower house of the Russian parliament has approved withdrawing from the Plutonium Management and Disposal Agreement (PMDA) with the United States. The Plutonium Management and Disposal Agreement (PMDA) is an agreement signed between the United States and Russia in 2000 to reduce weapons-grade plutonium from nuclear weapons dismantled during the Cold War. It came into effect in 2011. Both countries had large stockpiles of plutonium, which were expensive to store and posed a risk of nuclear proliferation.
4. A During Defence Minister Rajnath Singh's official visit to Canberra in October 2025, India and Australia signed several key defence agreements. These agreements aim to strengthen the operational partnership between the two countries' armed forces and reinforce their shared commitment to maintaining a free, open, and resilient Indo-Pacific region. This development marks a new phase in the India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, with a special focus on defence manufacturing, cybersecurity, maritime cooperation, and regional stability.
5. B The Indian Army has launched Saksham, an indigenous unmanned aerial system (UAS) grid, to modernize its air defense capabilities. The system is designed to detect, track, identify, and destroy enemy drones in real time. Saksham represents a significant advancement in integrated battlefield management and is in line with India's Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign.
6. A In a proud moment for the country, India etched its name in golden letters in the history of global beauty pageants when Sherry Singh was crowned Mrs. Universe 2025 at the grand finale held in Manila, Philippines. Competing among 120 talented women from around the world, Sherry made history by winning India's first Mrs. Universe title. This victory is not just an individual achievement, but a global celebration of Indian womanhood, perseverance, and dignity.
7. C India and the United Kingdom have launched a strategic collaboration, beginning a new chapter in digital diplomacy and technology cooperation. The India-UK Connectivity and Innovation Centre aims to integrate innovation, research, and market deployment in advanced telecommunications. This partnership reflects shared ambitions in the development of 6G, network security, and inclusive connectivity over the next decade.
8. A The visit of United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer to India in October 2025 marked a significant milestone in the India-UK Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. The visit culminated in the Global FinTech Fest 2025 (Mumbai), where both countries further strengthened their commitment to technology-led growth, innovation, climate cooperation, and education exchange.
9. C Union Minister of State for AYUSH (Independent Charge), Shri Prataprao Jadhav, recently inaugurated the Project Management Unit (PMU) for AYUSH insurance-related matters at AIIA. During the discussion, Prof. Prajapati emphasized that the PMU will provide a timely and transparent environment for stakeholders, facilitating effective implementation of insurance-related schemes. He assured that AIIA will play a key role in ensuring easy access to information and benefits of AYUSH insurance schemes for the public.
10. A A historic moment in Indian cricket history was recorded when Jasprit Bumrah became the first Indian fast bowler to play 50 matches across all international formats (Tests, ODIs, and T20s). He achieved this feat in the second Test against the West Indies at the Arun Jaitley Stadium in Delhi. This achievement further cements Bumrah's status as one of India's best fast bowlers of the modern era.
11. (a) Rukmini Devi Arundale Solution: Rukmini Devi Arundale established Kalakshetra Foundation in Chennai to promote Bharatanatyam dance and traditional arts. It preserves cultural heritage, trains students, and organizes performances nationally and internationally.
12. (a) Kanyakumari Solution: Vivekananda Rock Memorial, in Kanyakumari, commemorates Swami Vivekananda’s meditation in 1892. A spiritual and tourist landmark, it symbolizes India’s philosophy and the convergence of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Indian Ocean.
13. (a) Karaikudi Solution: Karaikudi in Sivaganga district is famous for Athangudi handmade tiles. Known for vibrant colors and patterns, these tiles are integral to Chettinad architecture and heritage homes.
14. (a) C.N. Annadurai Solution: C.N. Annadurai became the first Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from DMK in 1967. He implemented social welfare schemes, promoted Tamil culture, and strengthened Dravidian political ideology.
15. (a) Chidambaram Nataraja Temple Solution: Natyanjali Dance Festival, held at Chidambaram Nataraja Temple, celebrates Lord Shiva as the cosmic dancer. Bharatanatyam performers offer devotion through dance, attracting artists and devotees nationwide.
October – 15 Current Affairs
Co-Creation Fund for Startup Ecosystem Tamil Nadu Chief Minister announced a ₹100 crore co-creation fund at the Global Startup Summit held in Coimbatore. The fund will be managed by the Tamil Nadu Startup and Innovation Mission (StartupTN). It will invest in venture capital funds that support Tamil Nadu-based startups. A dedicated budget allocation of ₹20 crore has been made for this co-creation fund in the current financial year.
Siddi Tribal Community Achieves 72% Literacy Rate In a notable recognition of tribal advancement, the President of India recently lauded the Siddi tribal community for achieving a literacy rate exceeding 72%. This is a significant milestone for a group listed under Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) and reflects ongoing efforts to uplift marginalized communities through education and inclusion.
Palau Hosts World’s First Live Underwater Interview In a historic first, Palau’s President, Surangel Whipps Jr., conducted a live underwater interview beneath the Pacific Ocean. This novel broadcast employed Li‑Fi technology—which transmits data via light rather than traditional radio waves—to spotlight ocean conservation, climate threats, and the existential risks that small island nations like Palau face.
Forest Rangers Honored with 2025 International Ranger Awards Forest rangers—often the first and last line of defense for global biodiversity— were honored at the 2025 International Ranger Awards, recognizing their unmatched courage and unwavering service to wildlife protection and forest conservation. The awards, presented by the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), highlighted the often-overlooked sacrifices rangers make in safeguarding the world’s most fragile ecosystems.
Sonali Sen Gupta Appointed RBI Executive Director In a key leadership update, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Sonali Sen Gupta as its new Executive Director (ED) with effect from October, 2025. With over 30 years of experience at the central bank, Sen Gupta brings deep expertise in multiple policy and regulatory areas crucial to India’s financial system.
Private Sector Candidates Eligible for SBI MD, PSU ED Roles In a major policy shift aimed at reforming leadership in public sector banking, the Government of India has opened top management roles in public sector banks (PSBs) — including a Managing Director (MD) post in State Bank of India (SBI) — to private sector candidates. This change marks a significant departure from the tradition of appointing only internal candidates from within PSBs for such key roles.
Revenue Department Day The Tamil Nadu government has designated July month, the first day of the Fasli year, as ‘Revenue Department Day’. Fasli is a traditional agricultural calendar system that begins on July month each year in the Gregorian calendar. It is used for land revenue, updating village records, Jamabandi events, and crop audit reports. The Fasli system originated during the Mughal period and was retained by colonial administrators.
October-15 Important Points on History
1905 – Partition of Bengal On October 1905, Bengal was partitioned by the British Viceroy Lord Curzon. The partition was on religious grounds, with Muslim-majority areas in eastern Bengal and Hindu-majority areas in western Bengal. The Indian national movement rose against the partition, and it was annulled in 1911. The event gave a new dimension to the independence movement in India and laid the foundation for the Swadeshi movement.
1951 – Liaquat Ali Khan assassinated On October 1951, Pakistan’s first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan was shot dead in Rawalpindi. He was one of the prominent leaders who played a key role in Pakistan’s freedom struggle. His assassination destabilized Pakistan’s political situation and created a new wave of instability in the country.
1959 – National Council for Women’s Education established The National Council for Women’s Education was established on October 1959. Its aim was to promote women’s education in India and provide them opportunities to become self-reliant. This initiative contributed significantly to women’s empowerment and increased women’s participation in the field of education.
1964 – China’s first nuclear explosion On October, 1964, China successfully conducted its first nuclear explosion. This event brought China into the ranks of countries in the world that possessed nuclear weapons. This test affected the global nuclear balance and boosted China’s military power.
1999 – US sanctions on Pakistan On October 1999, the US imposed sanctions on Pakistan in protest against the military rule in the country. The US restricted military and economic ties with Pakistan due to the coup led by General Pervez Musharraf. This move weakened Pakistan’s international standing.
Multiple Choice Questions – Answers with Explanations
Q.1. Which state's Chief Minister recently addressed nearly 10,000 Gram Sabha meetings virtually? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.2. Which state government recently issued guidelines to identify and rename places with caste-based or discriminatory names? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.3. Which High Court recently appointed Justice Soumen Sen as its 14th Chief Justice? A. Meghalaya High Court B. Kolkata High Court C. Sikkim High Court D. Odisha High Court
Q.4. Which country recently successfully conducted the world's first live underwater interview? A. Australia B. Palau C. United Kingdom D. Maldives
Q.5.Which state government is recently organizing the Swadeshi Mela to promote indigenous products? A. Madhya Pradesh B. Bihar C. Uttar Pradesh D. Haryana
Q.6. Which is the safest city in India according to the recent National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)? A. Bengaluru B. Pune C. Ahmedabad D. Kolkata
Q.7. Who was recently awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature? A. Laszlo Krasztorkai B. Haruki Murakami C. Mariette Atwood D. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Q.8. Who has recently been appointed as the brand ambassador of Buildathon 2025? A. Shubhanshu Shukla B. Rakesh Sharma C. Kalpana Chawla D. Sunita Williams
Q.9. Khaled Al-Anani, who will become the first Arab Director-General of UNESCO, belongs to which country? A. Lebanon B. Egypt C. Jordan D. Morocco
Q.10. Peacekeepers from which country in the United Nations Interim Security Force (UNISFA) were recently honored? A. Ghana B. Ethiopia C. India D. Sierra Leone
Q.11. Which Tamil Nadu district is famous for turmeric export? (a) Erode (b) Salem (c) Coimbatore (d) Thanjavur
Q.12.The “Arignar Anna Zoological Park” is located in? (a) Chennai (b) Vellore (c) Coimbatore (d) Thiruvallur
Q.13.Which Tamil Nadu city is called the “Manchester of South India”? (a) Coimbatore (b) Salem (c) Tiruppur (d) Erode
Q.14. Which Tamil Nadu temple is called the “Big Temple”? (a) Meenakshi Temple, Madurai (b) Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur (c) Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam (d) Kapaleeswarar Temple, Chennai
Q.15. Which Tamil Nadu city is known for the “Textile Industry”? (a) Coimbatore (b) Salem (c) Tiruppur (d) Erode
Anwswers with Explanations
1. A TN Chief Minister addressed around 10,000-gram sabha meetings virtually. The meetings were held under the theme "Namma Ooru, Namma Arasu" (Our Village, Our Government). After the address, the gram sabhas discussed 16 listed topics and passed resolutions on the top three local needs.
2. A The Tamil Nadu government has issued guidelines to identify and rename places with caste-based or discriminatory names. The move follows the Chief Minister’s Assembly announcement to remove the term “Colony” from official records.
3. A The Meghalaya High Court has a new Chief Justice. Justice Soumen Sen assumed office. Governor Chandrashekhar H. Vijayshankar administered the oath of office to him. President Draupadi Murmu made the appointment following a recommendation from the Supreme Court Collegium. Prior to this, Justice Hamarsan Singh Thangkhiew served as Acting Chief Justice.
4. B Palau, an island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, successfully hosted the world's first live underwater interview. Palau's President, Surangel Whipps Jr., conducted the interview with Estonian Olympic swimmer Merle Liivand to raise awareness about the importance of ocean conservation.
5. C The Uttar Pradesh government is organizing Swadeshi Melas in all districts of the state to promote indigenous products. The aim is to promote MSME, Khadi, handloom, and handicraft products and provide a larger market for local artisans and entrepreneurs.
6. D Kolkata has once again claimed the title of India's safest city, with the lowest cognizable crime rate, according to the National Crime Records Bureau's 2023 report. Among 19 major cities, Kolkata recorded only 83.9 cognizable crimes per 100,000 population. Kochi remained the most unsafe, while Pune, Mumbai, and Hyderabad also ranked among the safest cities.
7. A The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Nobel Prize in Literature for the year 2025 was awarded to Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai. László was awarded the prize for his captivating and visionary works.
8. A Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian to reach the International Space Station (ISS), has been appointed as the brand ambassador of India's largest ever school hackathon, Vikasit Bharat Buildathon 2025. Organised by the Ministry of Education in collaboration with Atal Innovation Mission and NITI Aayog, the buildathon aims to engage over 10 million students from 1.5 lakh schools to ideate, design and build prototypes that solve real-world challenges.
9. B The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is at a crucial juncture, with an Arab leader poised to assume the position for the first time. Khaled El-Anani, Egypt's former Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, has been nominated by UNESCO's Executive Board as Director-General. If the nomination is approved at the General Assembly in Uzbekistan next month, El-Anani will become the first Arab head of the prestigious organization.
10. C Recently, Indian peacekeepers deployed with the United Nations Interim Security Force in Abyei (UNISFA) were honoured for their outstanding service in the Abyei region (disputed territory between Sudan and South Sudan). In a formal medal parade ceremony, Acting Chief of Staff and Force Commander of UNISFA, Major General Robert Yaw Afram, commended the dedication and professional skills of the Indian Battalion (INDBATT). This honour reaffirms India's global leadership position in peacekeeping operations and reflects its commitment to maintaining international peace and stability.
11. (b) Salem Solution: Salem district produces high-quality turmeric, exported nationally and internationally. It is a major contributor to India’s spice trade and agricultural economy.
12. (a) Chennai Solution: Arignar Anna Zoological Park (Vandalur Zoo) is in Chennai. Covering 1,600+ acres, it houses diverse wildlife and promotes conservation, education, and eco-tourism.
13. (a) Coimbatore Solution: Coimbatore’s textile and spinning industries earn it the title “Manchester of South India.” It is a hub for cotton production, garment manufacturing, and engineering industries.
14. (b) Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur Solution: Brihadeeswarar Temple, also known as the “Big Temple,” was built by Raja Raja Chola I in the 11th century. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing Chola architecture, massive gopurams, and intricate sculptures of deities.
15. (c) Tiruppur Solution: Tiruppur is a major textile hub in Tamil Nadu, known as the “Knitwear Capital of India.” It produces and exports cotton knitwear globally, supporting employment, industrial growth, and contributing significantly to India’s economy.
October – 16 Current Affairs
RUCO initiative in Tamil Nadu The Repurpose Used Cooking Oil (RUCO) initiative by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) promotes converting used oil into biofuel. Tiruchirappalli based kB Energy Corporation collects used oil from over 2,000 units in seven districts and has stored nearly 30 tonnes ahead of Deepavali. FSSAI norms allow 20 to 25 percent of used cooking oil to be repurposed, and Tamil Nadu has three biofuel plants among 64 in India.
India Unveils $77 Billion Hydro Plan Amid China’s Dam Push India has unveiled an ambitious ₹6.4 trillion ($77 billion) plan to harness more than 76 gigawatts (GW) of hydroelectric power from the Brahmaputra River basin by 2047, amid growing concerns over China’s dam-building upstream. The announcement, made by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) on October, 2025, comes at a critical moment as India seeks to meet rising electricity demands while reducing fossil fuel dependence.
Maldives First to End Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Hep B, Syphilis In a historic public health breakthrough, the Maldives has become the first country in the world to achieve triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis. The announcement, confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in October 2025, represents a global milestone in the fight against infectious diseases affecting newborns and pregnant women.
World Test Championship 2025-2027, Points Table and Current Status The 2025-2027 ICC World Test Championship (WTC) is the fourth edition of the prestigious Test cricket tournament. It continues to be recognized as the pinnacle of red-ball cricket, offering a structured league system to determine the world’s best Test team. The championship rewards consistency, discipline, and adaptability in all playing conditions.
Kaziranga Director Sonali Ghosh Wins Global Sustainability Award Sonali Ghosh, Director of Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve, has become the first Indian to receive the prestigious Kenton R. Miller Award for innovation in sustainable protected area management. The honor was conferred by the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), part of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), at a ceremony held in Abu Dhabi on October, 2025.
RBI Eases Rupee Lending to Boost Trade with Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka In a strategic move to boost regional trade and enhance external payment systems, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced that Indian banks and their overseas branches can now lend in Indian Rupees to residents and banks in Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. This measure, revealed on October, 2025, is expected to streamline cross-border trade transactions and expand the use of the rupee in South Asia.
Virtual Gram Sabha Meetings TN Chief Minister addressed around 10,000-gram sabha meetings virtually. The meetings were held under the theme “Namma Ooru, Namma Arasu” (Our Village, Our Government). After the address, the gram sabhas discussed 16 listed topics and passed resolutions on the top three local needs. On the other hand, a total of 12,838 wards is in 25 municipal corporations, 145 municipalities and 490 town panchayats in Tamilnadu.
October – 16 Important Points in History
1605 – Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar dies. Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar was the third ruler of the Mughal dynasty of Timurid lineage. Akbar is also known as Akbar-e-Azam (meaning Akbar the Great), Shahenshah Akbar, Mahabali Shahenshah. Emperor Akbar was the grandson of Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, and the son of Nasiruddin Humayun and Hamida Banu. Babur’s lineage was related to Timur and the Mongol leader Genghis Khan, i.e. his descendants were from the family of Timur Lang and maternal side was related to Genghis Khan.
1817 – Sir Syed Khan, founder of Aligarh Muslim University, was born in Delhi. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a Muslim leader who started religious and worldly education for Muslims living in India. He founded Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh University was started due to his efforts, in which the leaders involved worked to educate Muslims with religious education and modern era and worldly education. Syed Ahmed It is true that in the First Indian War of Independence of 1857, he gave shelter to non-military British in his house, later when Sir Syed Ahmed felt that Muslims needed a leader in the Indian freedom struggle
1918 – Yugoslavia declares itself a republic. Yugoslavia was formed in 1918 as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In January 1929, King Alexander I assumed dictatorship of the state and renamed it the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, creating “Yugoslavia” for the first time – which was used colloquially for decades. In 1946, Yugoslavia became a socialist federation of six republics: Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia. At this time, it adopted the name Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).
1920 – Communist Party of India founded in Tashkent. On October 1920, a meeting was held in Tashkent at which the Communist Party of India was formed on the principles of the Communist International. Seven persons were present; Roy, Abani Mukherjee, Acharya, Mohammed Shafiq Siddiqui, Mohammed Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Evelyn Trent-Roy and Rosa Fittingov.
1940 – Mahatma Gandhi announced individual Satyagraha. Individual Satyagraha was started by the Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi in 1940. The biggest thing about this Satyagraha was that the Satyagrahi chosen by Mahatma Gandhi would give a speech at a pre-determined place and get arrested. Before his speech, the Satyagrahi would also inform the District Magistrate about his Satyagraha. He had to keep moving forward giving anti-war speeches in every village. Vinoba was arrested by the British government on 21 October.
Multiple Choice Questions – Answers with Explanations
Q.1. Which state government recently extended the 'Vidyalay Payanam' free bus travel scheme for persons with disabilities in hilly areas until 2025-26? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.2. Which state government recently increased the monthly salary of the Chairman of the State Finance Commission from ₹6,500 to ₹2.25 lakh? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.3. Which organization is developing the fourth block of the Shri Krishna Museum in Kurukshetra? A. Haryana Tourism Corporation B. Kurukshetra Development Board (KDB) C. Archaeological Survey of India D. Union Ministry of Culture
Q.4. Which three Indian ports have recently been designated as green hydrogen hubs under the National Green Hydrogen Mission? A. Deendayal Port (Gujarat), V.O. Chidambaranar Port (Tamil Nadu), Paradip Port (Odisha) B. Mumbai Port, Cochin Port, Visakhapatnam Port C. Kandla Port, Tuticorin Port, Haldia Port D. Hazira Port, Chennai Port, Mundra Port
Q.5. What is the name of the first joint Carrier Strike Group (CSG) exercise recently conducted between India and the United Kingdom? A. Exercise Milan 2025 B. Exercise Varuna 2025 C. Exercise Konkan 2025 D. Exercise Indra 2025
Q.6. Who has recently been appointed as the new Executive Director by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)? A. Sonali Sen Gupta B. Swati Dhingra C. Mridul Saggar D. Meenakshi Sharma
Q.7. Which film recently won the highest number of awards at the 70th Filmfare Awards 2025, winning the title of the biggest winner of the year with 13 awards? A. Jigra B. Laapataa Ladies C. Chandu Champion D. Kill
Q.8. Which two major schemes did Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launch to strengthen the agriculture sector? A. PM Dhan Dhanya Krishi Yojana and Mission for Self-Reliance in Pulses B. PM Kisan Samman Nidhi and National Food Security Mission C. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana D. PM Krishi Sinchai Yojana and e-NAM Portal
Q.9. Which innovative commerce identity QR solution for small businesses has HDFC Bank recently launched? A. SmartPay QR B. Vyapar Connect QR C. My Business QR D. Digital Vyapar Code
Q.10. For what purpose did the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently develop the Unified Markets Interface (UMI)? A. To enable tokenization of financial assets and transactions through wholesale CBDC B. To improve the retail payment system C. To control foreign exchange rates D. To set lending limits for banks
Q.11. Which district is called the “Land of Temples”? (a) Madurai (b) Thanjavur (c) Kanchipuram (d) Tiruchirappalli
Q.12. Which is the longest river in Tamil Nadu? (a) Palar (b) Kaveri (c) Vaigai (d) Tamiraparani
Q.13. Which is the smallest district in Tamil Nadu by area? (a) Chennai (b) Coimbatore (c) Salem (d) Tirunelveli
Q.14. Who is called the “Father of Modern Tamil Drama”? (a) Bharathidasan (b) Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar (c) Subramania Bharati (d) Kalki Krishnamurthy
Q.15. Which Tamil Nadu city is famous for “Flower Market”? (a) Madurai (b) Coimbatore (c) Chennai (d) Tiruchirappalli
Answers with Explanations
1. A Tamil Nadu has extended the ‘Vidiyal Payanam’ free bus travel scheme to persons with disabilities in hilly regions from 2025–26. Beneficiaries must have 40 percent or more benchmark disabilities under 21 categories defined in the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
2. A The Tamil Nadu government has increased the monthly pay of the State Finance Commission Chairman from ₹6,500 to ₹2.25 lakh. The revision comes four months after the constitution of the Seventh State Finance Commission.
3. B The fourth wing of the Shri Krishna Museum in Kurukshetra is ready, further expanding the rich heritage associated with Lord Krishna and the Mahabharata. This initiative is being undertaken by the Kurukshetra Development Board (KDB) with the aim of revamping the museum experience, attracting tourists, and highlighting the religious and historical heritage of the 48 Kos of Kurukshetra.
4. A India has taken significant steps towards building a future-ready green energy ecosystem. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has launched three major initiatives under the National Green Hydrogen Mission.
5. C A significant moment in the history of defence cooperation between India and the United Kingdom came when the two countries conducted their first joint Carrier Strike Group (CSG) exercise. Exercise Konkan 2025, held off India's west coast, included full-scale air-sea maneuver activities, underscoring the growing strategic convergence in the Indo Pacific region.
6. A The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a significant leadership change, appointing Sonali Sen Gupta as its new Executive Director (ED). With nearly 30 years of experience, Sen Gupta is an expert in several policy and regulatory initiatives related to India's financial system.
7. B The 70th Filmfare Awards 2025 were held at the AKA Arena in Ahmedabad's Kankaria Lake as a grand ceremony honoring the best of Hindi cinema. Shah Rukh Khan, Karan Johar, and Manish Paul hosted the grand ceremony. The stellar performances of Shah Rukh Khan, Kriti Sanon, and Kajol captivated the audience. The highlight of the ceremony was Kiran Rao's "Missing Ladies," which made history by winning 13 awards—a record previously held by 2020's "Gully Boy."
8. A With the aim of strengthening India's agricultural foundation, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched two major schemes—Pradhan Mantri Dhan-Dhanya Krishi Yojana and Pulses Self-Reliance Mission. The foundation stones were laid for projects worth over ₹42,000 crore in agriculture and allied sectors. These initiatives aim to increase crop productivity, achieve self-sufficiency in pulses, and upgrade 100 backward agricultural districts in the country.
9. C In a move that connects digital identity with payment acceptance, HDFC Bank has introduced “My Business QR,” a first-of-its-kind commerce identity QR designed specifically for small businesses. The innovation, unveiled at the Global Fintech Fest (GFF) 2025, aims to help retailers seamlessly transition from offline to online commerce, while enhancing their discoverability, customer engagement, and payment capabilities.
10. A The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has developed the Unified Markets Interface (UMI), a next-generation financial platform that enables the tokenization of financial assets and transactions using a wholesale central bank digital currency (CBDC). The initiative was announced by RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra at the Global Fintech Fest 2025. UMI is part of the RBI's Digital Public Infrastructure vision, which aims to enhance market efficiency, security, and financial inclusion.
11. (c) Kanchipuram Solution: Kanchipuram district is known as the “Land of Temples” due to its ancient and magnificent temples dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu, and other deities. It is a center for pilgrimage, architecture, and Tamil religious heritage.
12. (b) Kaveri Solution: Kaveri is the longest river flowing through Tamil Nadu. It originates from Karnataka, traverses the state, and supports agriculture, drinking water, hydroelectricity, and biodiversity, making it crucial for Tamil Nadu’s economy and culture.
13. (a) Chennai Solution: Chennai district is the smallest by area but the most populous in Tamil Nadu. As the state capital, it serves as a political, cultural, industrial, and educational hub.
14. (b) Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar Solution: Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar modernized Tamil theatre, introducing realistic plays, contemporary themes, and professional acting methods. He is recognized as the “Father of Modern Tamil Drama,” influencing performing arts in Tamil Nadu.
15. (a) Madurai Solution: Madurai is renowned for its vibrant flower markets, supplying flowers for temples, festivals, and ceremonies. The city’s floriculture supports local economy, cultural traditions, and religious rituals.
October – 17 Current Affairs
Thirumalapuram excavations The Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology (TNSDA) conducted the first season of excavations at Thirumalapuram in the Tenkasi district. The site lies about 10 kilometres northwest of the present-day Thirumalapuram village. The burial site covers nearly 35 acres of land between two seasonal streams near the Kulasegarapereri tank.
India’s Female Workforce Participation Rises to 42% in 2023–24 India has recorded a remarkable increase in female workforce participation, a key indicator of gender inclusion and economic progress. According to the Ministry of Labour and Employment, the Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) has risen from 23% in 2017–18 to around 42% in 2023–24. This surge marks a major transformation in India’s labour landscape and positions the country as a leader in women’s economic inclusion among BRICS nations.
US and Middle East Leaders Sign Declaration to End Gaza War In a landmark diplomatic move, U S President Donald Trump joined with leaders of Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey to sign a joint declaration supporting a ceasefire and peace plan for Gaza. The agreement was reached during the Sharm El‑Sheikh Summit in Egypt as part of efforts to end the two‑year war between Israel and Hamas and lay the groundwork for reconstruction and stability.
Dan Katz Appointed IMF’s First Deputy Managing Director On October, 2025, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Executive Board approved the appointment of Dan Katz as its First Deputy Managing Director, effective October, 2025. The nomination, put forward by IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva, comes at a critical time as the global economy navigates through complex transformations in trade, inflation, and geopolitical shifts.
11th Asian Aquatics Championships in Ahmedabad Concluded India made sporting history by hosting the 11th Asian Aquatics Championships for the first time on October, 2025, at the Veer Savarkar Sports Complex, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The event marked a significant milestone, being only the second time South Asia has hosted this prestigious aquatics meet. With over 1,100 athletes from 29 countries, the championships brought global attention to India’s aquatic potential and organizational capabilities.
Telangana Leads India in UPI Usage Intensity: RBI Study Telangana has emerged as the leader in UPI transaction intensity among Indian states, according to a new study published in the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) September 2025 bulletin. Using PhonePe transaction data as a proxy for Unified Payments Interface (UPI) usage, the study highlights the growing shift towards digital payments, especially in southern and western India.
Remuneration for State Finance Commission Chairman The Tamil Nadu government has increased the monthly pay of the State Finance Commission Chairman from ₹6,500 to ₹2.25 lakh. The revision comes four months after the constitution of the Seventh State Finance Commission. An amendment was made to the Tamil Nadu State Finance Commission Chairman and Other Members (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1994.
October – 17 Important Points in History
1898 – US takes control of Puerto Rico from Spain: The US takes control of Puerto Rico in 1898 under the Treaty of Paris following the Spanish–American War. The treaty marked the end of Spain’s American empire, with the US taking control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Puerto Rico became a US territory, and remains so today. The annexation was seen as a significant step in US imperial expansion.
1922 – British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) founded: On October 1922, the British Broadcasting Company was founded, later known as the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It is the world’s oldest and most prestigious public service broadcasting organization. The BBC has played an important role in radio, television and online media and is known for unbiased and high-quality journalism. It is a major source of information in Britain and around the world.
1980 – First Himalayan Car Rally: In 1980, India’s first Himalayan Car Rally was organised, which was flagged off from the Brabourne Stadium in Bombay (now Mumbai). This rally became a symbol of India’s participation in motorsports at the international level. It saw many participants from all over the world braving the challenging conditions of the Himalayan regions. This rally is considered an important event in the history of motorsports in India.
1995 – 11th Summit of Non-Aligned Countries: The 11th summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held in Cartagena, Colombia in 1995. This summit represents countries that were not aligned to any superpower camp during the Cold War. This summit discussed issues of global peace, security and development. NAM emphasized cooperation and self-reliance of developing countries, and this summit underlined the importance of non-alignment in global politics.
2007 – Allen Telescope Array (ATA) launched: On October 2007, former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto returned to her homeland after eight years of exile. During her return, a grand motorcar rally was attacked by a suicide attack, killing 139 people and injuring hundreds. Bhutto narrowly escaped the attack. The incident reflects the serious state of instability and terrorism in Pakistan’s politics. Her return was considered a turning point for Pakistan’s democracy.
Multiple Choice Questions , Answers with Explanations
Q.1. Which state government recently planned to borrow ₹39,000 crore in the third quarter of the financial year 2025-26? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.2. Which state government recently amended the Joint Development and Building Rules, 2019 to ease norms for green and white category industries? A. Tamil Nadu B. Karnataka C. Kerala D. Telangana
Q.3. Palau President Surangel Whipps Jr. recently conducted the world's first underwater interview using which unique technology? (a) Wi-Fi (b) Bluetooth (c) Li-Fi (d) Satellite Communication
Q.4. The recently revamped 'Sugamya Bharat App' was developed under which ministry? (a) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (b) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (c) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (d) Ministry of Women and Child Development
Q.5. How much amount has HSBC recently committed to support Indian startups? (a) US$500 million (b) US$750 million (c) US$1 billion (d) US$2 billion
Q. 6. India's retail inflation fell to what percentage in September 2025, the lowest level since June 2017? (a) 2.07% (b) 1.54% (c) 1.87% (d) 2.25%
Q.7.India's net direct tax collection recently reached how many lakh crore rupees, representing an increase of 6.33%? (a) ₹11.89 lakh crore (b) ₹13.92 lakh crore (c) ₹10.56 lakh crore (d) ₹12.45 lakh crore
Q.8. Which program has the Chief Minister of Assam recently launched with the aim of connecting youth with global career opportunities? (a) CM Global Path (b) Assam Skill Vision (c) CM Flight (d) Youth Connect Assam
Q.9. Himachal Pradesh University's incubated startup 'Taste & Heal' recently received which award at the National Mushroom Fair 2025? (a) ICAR-National Progressive Farmer Award (b) Prime Minister's Youth Award (c) Himachal Startup Innovation Award (d) National Biotechnology Award
Q.10. What percentage increase did the Central Government recently announce in the dearness allowance (DA) of its employees? (a) 2% (b) 4% (c) 3% (d) 5%
Q.11. Which Tamil Nadu district is famous for “Banana Cultivation”? (a) Theni (b) Tirunelveli (c) Coimbatore (d) Dindigul
Q.12.Which is the largest district in Tamil Nadu by area? (a) Coimbatore (b) Villupuram (c) Thiruvallur (d) Salem
Q.13. Which Tamil Nadu city is famous for “Carpet Industry”? (a) Karur (b) Coimbatore (c) Salem (d) Erode
Q.14. Which Tamil Nadu temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and has 11 gopurams? (a) Brihadeeswarar Temple (b) Chidambaram Nataraja Temple (c) Madurai Meenakshi Temple (d) Rameswaram Ramanathaswamy Temple
Q.15. Which Tamil Nadu district is called the “Mango Capital”? (a) Salem (b) Theni (c) Krishnagiri (d) Coimbatore
Answers with Explanations
1. A Tamil Nadu plans to borrow ₹39,000 crore in the third quarter of the financial year 2025–26. The borrowing is part of the RBI’s indicative market borrowings schedule for States.
2. A Tamil Nadu amended the Tamil Nadu Combined Development and Building Rules, 2019, to ease norms for green and white category industries. The minimum road width required in peri-urban village panchayat and village panchayat areas has been reduced from 7 metres to 6 metres.
3. C Palau's President Surangel Krips Jr. conducted the world's first live underwater interview using a unique technology called the LiFi Talking Mask, which communicates underwater through light. Through this technology, he was able to speak with Estonian swimmer and activist Merle Livand, wearing scuba gear, with the aim of raising awareness about the importance of ocean conservation.
4. A Taking a significant step towards building a digitally inclusive India, the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD), Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India, launched the new 'Sugamya Bharat App' at the Purple Fest in Goa. The launch was led by Shri Rajesh Agarwal, Secretary, Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, at the ALIMCO stall, in the presence of Ms. Manmeet Kaur Nanda, Additional Secretary, Ms. Richa Shankar, Deputy Director General, Ms. Debolina Thakur, Joint Secretary (Financial Advisor), and Shri Praveen Kumar, Chairman & Managing Director, ALIMCO.
5. C In a significant boost to India's startup ecosystem, HSBC has pledged $1 billion to support early- and growth-stage startups through its newly launched Innovation Banking Platform. The initiative provides non-recourse debt capital, including working capital and term loans, helping startups access funding without giving up their equity. With this, India becomes the 13th global market to benefit from HSBC's dedicated Innovation Banking services.
6. B There's some relief for both consumers and policymakers. India's retail inflation fell to 1.54% in September 2025, its lowest level since June 2017. According to the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MoSPI), this decline was primarily due to a continued decline in food prices and a favorable base effect from the previous year. This figure represents a sharp decline from 2.07% in August 2025, indicating that pressure on prices of essential commodities is steadily easing.
7. A India's direct tax collections have seen a steady increase in the current fiscal year, with net receipts crossing ₹11.89 lakh crore, a year-on-year increase of 6.33%. According to the Income Tax Department, this increase was primarily due to corporate tax inflows and lower tax refunds issued during the period. This performance provides a strong foundation for the government's ambitious full-year tax collection target of ₹25.20 lakh crore for FY 2025-26.
8. C The Assam Chief Minister recently launched a program called CM-FLIGHT (Chief Minister's Foreign Language Initiative for Global Human Talent), which helps young people find jobs abroad by training them in foreign languages. The initiative aims to connect young people with global career opportunities, starting with Japan, where the first batch of 180 trainees will learn the Japanese language and workplace skills.
9. A Taste & Heal, a startup incubated at the Biotechnology Incubation Centre of Himachal Pradesh University, has achieved a milestone. During the National Mushroom Fair 2025 held at the Directorate General of Mushroom Research Centre (DMRC) in Solan, the startup was awarded the ICAR-National Progressive Farmer Award for mushroom-based products. The award recognizes the startup's pioneering work in developing a range of nutrient-rich, value-added mushroom-based food products that contribute to sustainable health and rural entrepreneurship. Taste & Heal, established under the guidance of the Bio-Incubation Centre of Himachal Pradesh University, has become a model for the integration of food innovation and biotechnology.
10. C The central government recently announced a 3% increase in dearness allowance (DA) for its employees. This increase will be effective from July 2025, increasing the DA from 55% to 58% of the basic pay. The Union Cabinet approved this decision to help employees and pensioners cope with rising inflation. This will benefit approximately 49.19 lakh central government employees and 68.72 lakh pensioners.
11. (a) Theni Solution: Theni district produces large quantities of bananas due to fertile soil and favorable climate. It is an important contributor to Tamil Nadu’s horticulture sector and domestic and export markets.
12. (b) Villupuram Solution: Villupuram is Tamil Nadu’s largest district by area. It has a diverse landscape, including agriculture, rivers,forests, and historical sites, contributing to the state’s cultural and economic diversity.
13. (a) Karur Solution: Karur is famous for handwoven carpets and rugs, exporting globally. The textile and carpet industry provides employment and contributes significantly to Tamil Nadu’s industrial economy.
14. (c) Madurai Meenakshi Temple Solution: Meenakshi Temple, Madurai, dedicated to Lord Shiva and Goddess Meenakshi, features 11 majestic gopurams. It is a major pilgrimage center and a masterpiece of Dravidian architecture.
15. (c) Krishnagiri Solution: Krishnagiri district is famous for mango cultivation, producing Alphonso and other varieties. It is called the “Mango Capital of Tamil Nadu,” contributing significantly to agriculture and export markets.
October – 18 Current Affairs
Tamil Nadu – Building Rules Tamil Nadu amended the Tamil Nadu Combined Development and Building Rules, 2019, to ease norms for green and white category industries. The minimum road width required in peri-urban village panchayat and village panchayat areas has been reduced from 7 metres to 6 metres. This relaxation applies only to green and white category industries in these rural and peri-urban areas.
தமிழ்நாடு – கட்டிட விதிகள் பசுமை மற்றும் வெள்ளை வகை தொழில்களுக்கான விதிமுறைகளை எளிதாக்குவதற்காக தமிழ்நாடு ஒருங்கிணைந்த வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் கட்டிட விதிகள், 2019 ஐ தமிழ்நாடு திருத்தியது. நகர்ப்புற கிராம பஞ்சாயத்து மற்றும் கிராம பஞ்சாயத்து பகுதிகளில் தேவைப்படும் குறைந்தபட்ச சாலை அகலம் 7 மீட்டரிலிருந்து 6 மீட்டராகக் குறைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்த தளர்வு இந்த கிராமப்புற மற்றும் நகர்ப்புற பகுதிகளில் உள்ள பச்சை மற்றும் வெள்ளை வகை தொழில்களுக்கு மட்டுமே பொருந்தும்.
IRCTC to Allow Ticket Rescheduling Without Cancellation Charges In a major passenger-friendly reform, Indian Railways is set to introduce a new ticket rescheduling feature through the IRCTC portal. This upcoming policy will let travellers change their travel date or train for confirmed tickets without paying cancellation fees.
ரத்து கட்டணம் இல்லாமல் டிக்கெட் மறு அட்டவணையை IRCTC அனுமதிக்கும் பயணிகளுக்கு ஏற்ற ஒரு பெரிய சீர்திருத்தத்தில், இந்திய ரயில்வே IRCTC போர்டல் மூலம் புதிய டிக்கெட் மறு அட்டவணை அம்சத்தை அறிமுகப்படுத்த உள்ளது. இந்த வரவிருக்கும் கொள்கை பயணிகள் தங்கள் பயணத் தேதியை மாற்றவோ அல்லது ரத்து கட்டணம் செலுத்தாமல் உறுதிப்படுத்தப்பட்ட டிக்கெட்டுகளுக்கு ரயில் பயணத்தை மாற்றவோ அனுமதிக்கும்.
India Elected to UN Human Rights Council for 2026–28 India has been elected unopposed to the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for a three-year term from 2026 to 2028. This marks India’s seventh term on the Council, highlighting the country’s consistent presence and influence in global human rights forums.
2026–28 ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான ஐ.நா. மனித உரிமைகள் கவுன்சிலுக்கு இந்தியா தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டது 2026 முதல் 2028 வரை மூன்று ஆண்டு காலத்திற்கு ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் மனித உரிமைகள் கவுன்சிலுக்கு (UNHRC) இந்தியா போட்டியின்றி தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது கவுன்சிலில் இந்தியாவின் ஏழாவது பதவிக்காலத்தைக் குறிக்கிறது, இது உலகளாவிய மனித உரிமைகள் மன்றங்களில் நாட்டின் நிலையான இருப்பு மற்றும் செல்வாக்கை எடுத்துக்காட்டுகிறது.
Anant Goenka Named FICCI President-Elect for 2025–26 The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has appointed Anant Goenka, Vice Chairperson of the RPG Group, as its President-Elect for 2025–26. This announcement was made on Tuesday and marks a key leadership transition in one of India’s oldest and most influential business chambers.
2025–26 ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான FICCI தலைவராக அனந்த் கோயங்கா தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டார் இந்திய வர்த்தக மற்றும் தொழில்துறை சபைகளின் கூட்டமைப்பு (FICCI), RPG குழுமத்தின் துணைத் தலைவரான அனந்த் கோயங்காவை 2025–26 ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான அதன் தலைவராக நியமித்துள்ளது. இந்த அறிவிப்பு செவ்வாய்க்கிழமை வெளியிடப்பட்டது, இது இந்தியாவின் பழமையான மற்றும் மிகவும் செல்வாக்கு மிக்க வணிக சபைகளில் ஒன்றின் முக்கிய தலைமைத்துவ மாற்றத்தைக் குறிக்கிறது.
Ahmedabad Recommended to Host CWG Games By Executive Board In a major step toward bringing the Commonwealth Games back to India after two decades, the Commonwealth Sport Executive Board has officially recommended Ahmedabad as the proposed host for the 2030 Commonwealth Games (CWG). The final decision will be made on November 26, 2025, during the Commonwealth Sport General Assembly in Glasgow.
CWG விளையாட்டுகளை நடத்த அகமதாபாத் நிர்வாகக் குழுவால் பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்டது இரண்டு தசாப்தங்களுக்குப் பிறகு காமன்வெல்த் விளையாட்டுகளை மீண்டும் இந்தியாவிற்குக் கொண்டுவருவதற்கான ஒரு முக்கிய படியாக, காமன்வெல்த் விளையாட்டு நிர்வாகக் குழு 2030 காமன்வெல்த் விளையாட்டுகளுக்கான (CWG) முன்மொழியப்பட்ட விருந்தினராக அகமதாபாத்தை அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக பரிந்துரைத்துள்ளது. இறுதி முடிவு நவம்பர் 26, 2025 அன்று கிளாஸ்கோவில் நடைபெறும் காமன்வெல்த் விளையாட்டு பொதுச் சபையின் போது எடுக்கப்படும்.
Curie Money & Lxme Expand UPI Access In a boost for India’s fintech ecosystem, Curie Money has opened its UPI + investment application to all users following NPCI approval, while Lxme, a platform focused on women’s financial empowerment, launched LxmePay, a UPI facility exclusively for women. These moves signal growing innovation in India’s payment and investment space.
கியூரி மணி & எல்எக்ஸ்எம்இ யுபிஐ அணுகலை விரிவுபடுத்துகிறது இந்தியாவின் ஃபின்டெக் சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்பை ஊக்குவிக்கும் வகையில், என்பிசிஐ ஒப்புதலைத் தொடர்ந்து கியூரி மணி அதன் யுபிஐ + முதலீட்டு பயன்பாட்டை அனைத்து பயனர்களுக்கும் திறந்துள்ளது, அதே நேரத்தில் பெண்களின் நிதி அதிகாரமளிப்பில் கவனம் செலுத்தும் தளமான எல்எக்ஸ்எம்இ, பெண்களுக்கான பிரத்யேக யுபிஐ வசதியான எல்எக்ஸ்எம்இபேயை அறிமுகப்படுத்தியது. இந்த நடவடிக்கைகள் இந்தியாவின் பணம் செலுத்துதல் மற்றும் முதலீட்டுத் துறையில் வளர்ந்து வரும் புதுமைகளைக் குறிக்கின்றன.
Tamil Nadu Q3 FY26 Borrowing Snapshot Tamil Nadu plans to borrow ₹39,000 crore in the third quarter of the financial year 2025–26. The borrowing is part of the RBI’s indicative market borrowings schedule for States. A total borrowing of ₹1,62,096.76 crore is planned for 2025–26, with repayments of ₹55,844.53 crore. The projected outstanding debt as on March 31, 2026, is ₹9,29,959.3 crore.
தமிழ்நாடு Q3 FY26 கடன் வாங்கும் ஸ்னாப்ஷாட் தமிழ்நாடு 2025–26 நிதியாண்டின் மூன்றாம் காலாண்டில் ₹39,000 கோடி கடன் வாங்க திட்டமிட்டுள்ளது. இந்த கடன் வாங்குதல் மாநிலங்களுக்கான ரிசர்வ் வங்கியின் குறியீட்டு சந்தை கடன் அட்டவணையின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். 2025–26 ஆம் ஆண்டில் ₹1,62,096.76 கோடி மொத்த கடன் வாங்க திட்டமிடப்பட்டுள்ளது, ₹55,844.53 கோடி திருப்பிச் செலுத்த வேண்டியிருக்கும். மார்ச் 31, 2026 நிலவரப்படி நிலுவையில் உள்ள கடன் ₹9,29,959.3 கோடி ஆகும்.
October – 18 Important Points on History
1889 – Napoleon Bonaparte’s army withdraws On October, 1889, French leader Napoleon Bonaparte withdrew his army from the Russian capital. This move was significant, as it marked the failure of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia, which weakened the power of the French Empire. This development changed military strategies in Europe and ultimately led to Napoleon’s defeat.
1933 – Germany withdraws from the Allies On October 1933, Germany announced its withdrawal from the Allies. The move was taken by Adolf Hitler’s government and was aimed at restoring Germany’s military borders and reviving national pride. This decision created the conditions for World War II and led Germany to more aggressive policies.
1924 – Abdul Aziz declared Protector of the Holy Places On October 1924, Abdul Aziz declared himself Protector of the Holy Places in Mecca. This declaration was an important political development in the Islamic world, strengthening Abdul Aziz’s position. His move gave a new turn to Islamic religiosity and nationalism, and he played an important role in the protection of the holy places.
1994 – Historic Agreement for Korea On October 1994, North Korea and the United States signed a historic agreement in Geneva to keep the Korean Peninsula free from the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The agreement was aimed at maintaining peace and security in the region. It was an important diplomatic achievement, a step towards reducing tensions in Korea.
1970 – MiG-21 inducted into Indian Air Force On October 1970, the first Indian-built MiG-21 aircraft was inducted into the Indian Air Force. The aircraft was instrumental in enhancing India’s air power and was seen as a premier fighter aircraft. The MiG-21 played a vital role in enabling the Indian Air Force to wage modern warfare and was successfully used in several wars.
Multiple Choice Questions, Answers with Explanations
Q.1. சமீபத்தில் 2025-2026 கல்வியாண்டிற்கான 11 ஆம் வகுப்பு பொதுத் தேர்வுகளை ரத்து செய்த மாநில அரசு எது? Which state government recently cancelled the Class 11 public exams for the academic year 2025-2026? (a) தமிழ்நாடு/Tamil Nadu (b) கர்நாடகா/Karnataka (c) கேரளா/Kerala (d) தெலுங்கானா/Telangana Q.2. திருநங்கைகளுக்கான அரண் இல்லம் தங்குமிடத்தை எந்த மாநில முதல்வர் சமீபத்தில் திறந்து வைத்தார்? The Chief Minister of which state recently inaugurated the 'Aran Illam' shelter home for transgender persons? (a) தமிழ்நாடு/Tamil Nadu (b) கர்நாடகா/Karnataka (c) கேரளா/Kerala (d) தெலுங்கானா/Telangana Q.3. தாயிடமிருந்து குழந்தைக்கு பரவுதல் (MTCT) மூலம் HIV, ஹெபடைடிஸ் B மற்றும் சிபிலிஸை "மும்மடங்கு ஒழித்தல்" என்ற இலக்கை அடைந்த உலகின் முதல் நாடு எது? Which country recently became the first in the world to achieve the goal of "triple elimination" of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Syphilis through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)? (a) இலங்கை/Sri Lanka (b) மாலத்தீவுகள்/Maldives (c) பூட்டான்/Bhutan (d) தாய்லாந்து/Thailand Q.4. கூகுள் சமீபத்தில் இந்தியாவில் அடுத்த ஐந்து ஆண்டுகளில் எவ்வளவு முதலீடு செய்வதாக அறிவித்தது, இதன் கீழ் விசாகப்பட்டினத்தில் (ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்) உலகத் தரம் வாய்ந்த AI தரவு மைய வளாகம் நிறுவப்படும்? Google recently announced an investment of how much over the next five years in India, under which a world-class AI data center campus will be established in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)? (a) $5 billion (b) $10 billion (c) $15 billion (d) $20 billion Q.5. இந்திய அரசு சமீபத்தில் 16வது நிதிக்குழுவின் காலத்தை எவ்வளவு காலத்திற்கு நீட்டித்துள்ளது? For how long has the Government of India recently extended the term of the 16th Finance Commission? (a) One month (b) Two months (c) Three months (d) Six months Q.6. இந்தியாவிற்கும் மங்கோலியாவிற்கும் இடையே சமீபத்திய உயர்மட்ட உரையாடல் எந்த வரலாற்று சந்தர்ப்பத்தில் நடைபெற்றது? The recent high-level dialogue between India and Mongolia was held on which historic occasion? (a) 70 years of India-Mongolia diplomatic relations and 10 years of strategic partnership (b) 25 years of the India-Mongolia Trade Agreement (c) 100th anniversary of Mongolia's independence (d) 30th anniversary of the Asia-Europe Summit Q.7. சமீபத்தில், அதானி எண்டர்பிரைசஸின் ஒரு பிரிவான அதானி கான்னெக்ஸ், இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய AI தரவு மைய வளாகத்தை விசாகப்பட்டினத்தில் (ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்) அமைக்க எந்த உலகளாவிய நிறுவனத்துடன் கூட்டாண்மையை அறிவித்தது? Recently, AdaniConnex, a unit of Adani Enterprises, announced a partnership with which global company to set up India's largest AI data center campus in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)? (a) Amazon (b) Microsoft (c) Google (d) IBM Q.8. சமீபத்தில், எந்த நகரத்தில் நடைபெற்ற உச்சிமாநாட்டின் போது "நிலையான அமைதி மற்றும் செழுமைக்கான டிரம்ப் பிரகடனம்" கையெழுத்தானது? Recently, the "Trump Declaration for Lasting Peace and Prosperity" was signed during the summit held in which city? (a) தோஹா/Doha (b) இஸ்தான்புல்/Istanbul (c) ஷர்ம் எல்-ஷேக், எகிப்து/Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt (d) வாஷிங்டன், டி.சி./Washington, D.C. Q.9. சமீபத்தில், சர்வதேச நாணய நிதியம் (IMF) 2025-26க்கான இந்தியாவின் GDP வளர்ச்சி கணிப்பை எவ்வளவு சதவீதத்திற்கு உயர்த்தியது? Recently, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) raised India's GDP growth forecast for 2025-26 to how much percent? (a) 6.6% (b) 6.4% (c) 6.2% (d) 6.8% Q.10. சமீபத்தில் 2025 அமைதிக்கான நோபல் பரிசு யாருக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது? Who was recently awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize? (a) டொனால்ட் டிரம்ப்/Donald Trump (b) வோலோடிமிர் ஜெலென்ஸ்கி/Volodymyr Zelensky (c) மரியா கொரினா மச்சாடோ/Maria Corina Machado (d) அன்டோனியோ குட்டரெஸ்/Antonio Guterres Q.11. தமிழ்நாட்டில் நீதிக்கட்சியை நிறுவியவர் யார்? Who was the founder of the Justice Party in Tamil Nadu? (a) பெரியார்/Periyar (b) சி.என். அண்ணாதுரை/C.N. Annadurai (c) பி. சுப்பராயன்/P. Subbarayan (d) டி.எம். நாயர்/T.M. Nair Q.12. "பட்டு புடவைகள் மற்றும் கோயில் நகைகளுக்கு" பிரபலமான நகரம் எது? Which city is famous for “Silk Sarees and Temple Jewelry”? (a) காஞ்சிபுரம்/Kanchipuram (b) மதுரை/Madurai (c) சேலம்/Salem (d) கோயம்புத்தூர்/Coimbatore Q.13. காபி தோட்டங்களுக்கு பெயர் பெற்ற தமிழ்நாட்டின் மாவட்டம் எது? Which Tamil Nadu district is known for “Coffee Plantations”? (a) நீலகிரி/Nilgiris (b) கோயம்புத்தூர்/Coimbatore (c) தேனி/Theni (d) சேலம்/Salem Q.14. சிதம்பரம் நடராஜர் கோவிலில் கொண்டாடப்படும் திருவிழா எது? Which festival is celebrated at Chidambaram Nataraja Temple? (a) பொங்கல்/Pongal (b) நாட்டியாஞ்சலி/Natyanjali (c) தீபாவளி/Diwali (d) கார்த்திகை தீபம்/Karthigai Deepam Q.15. "தென்னிந்தியாவின் ஜவுளித் தலைநகரம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் தமிழ்நாடு நகரம் எது? Which Tamil Nadu city is called the “Textile Capital of South India”? (a) கோயம்புத்தூர்/Coimbatore (b) திருப்பூர்/Tiruppur (c) ஈரோடு/Erode (d) சேலம்/Salem 1. A 2025–2026 கல்வியாண்டிற்கான 11 ஆம் வகுப்பு பொதுத் தேர்வை தமிழக அரசு ரத்து செய்துள்ளது. 2017–2018க்கு முந்தைய மதிப்பீட்டு முறையை மாணவர்கள் பின்பற்றுவார்கள் என்று அரசு உத்தரவு கூறுகிறது. The Tamil Nadu government has cancelled the Class 11 public examination for the academic year 2025–2026. Government Order states that students will follow the pre-2017–2018 evaluation system. 2. A திருநங்கைகளுக்காக அரண் இல்லம் என்ற தங்குமிடத்தை தமிழக முதல்வர் தொடங்கி வைத்தார். முதல் கட்டத்தில் இரண்டு வீடுகள் திறக்கப்பட்டன - ஒன்று சென்னை ஷெனாய் நகரிலும், மற்றொன்று மதுரை அண்ணா நகரிலும். Tamil Nadu Chief Minister launched ‘Aran Illam’ shelter homes for transgender persons. Two homes were opened in the first phase—one in Shenoy Nagar, Chennai, and the other in Anna Nagar, Madurai. 3. B பொது சுகாதாரத்தில் ஒரு மைல்கல் சாதனையாக, தாயிடமிருந்து குழந்தைக்கு பரவுதல் (MTCT) மூலம் பரவும் மூன்று நோய்களான HIV, ஹெபடைடிஸ் B மற்றும் சிபிலிஸ் ஆகியவற்றை "மும்மடங்கு ஒழித்தல்" என்ற இலக்கை அடைந்த உலகின் முதல் நாடாக மாலத்தீவு மாறியுள்ளது. உலக சுகாதார அமைப்பு (WHO) இதை அக்டோபர் 2025 இல் அறிவித்தது, இது புதிதாகப் பிறந்த குழந்தைகள் மற்றும் கர்ப்பிணிப் பெண்களைப் பாதிக்கும் தொற்று நோய்களுக்கு எதிரான உலகளாவிய போராட்டத்தில் ஒரு வரலாற்று மைல்கல்லைக் குறிக்கிறது. In a landmark public health achievement, the Maldives has become the first country in the world to achieve the goal of “triple elimination” of HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis – all three diseases transmitted through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The World Health Organization (WHO) announced this in October 2025, marking a historic milestone in the global fight against infectious diseases affecting newborns and pregnant women. 4. C இந்தியாவின் டிஜிட்டல் உள்கட்டமைப்பை மேம்படுத்த, கூகிள் அடுத்த ஐந்து ஆண்டுகளில் 15 பில்லியன் டாலர் (தோராயமாக ₹1.25 லட்சம் கோடி) முதலீட்டை அறிவித்துள்ளது. இந்த முதலீட்டின் கீழ், நிறுவனம் ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்தின் விசாகப்பட்டினத்தில் உலகத் தரம் வாய்ந்த செயற்கை நுண்ணறிவு (AI) தரவு மைய வளாகத்தை அமைக்கும். இது இதுவரை இந்தியாவில் கூகிளின் மிகப்பெரிய முதலீடு மட்டுமல்ல, அமெரிக்காவிற்கு வெளியே அதன் மிகப்பெரிய AI திட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இந்த நடவடிக்கை இந்தியாவின் வளர்ந்து வரும் தொழில்நுட்ப முன்னேற்றத்தையும், AI-இயக்கப்பட்ட சேவைகளுக்கான உலகளாவிய தேவையையும் பிரதிபலிக்கிறது. To boost India's digital infrastructure, Google has announced an investment of $15 billion (approximately ₹1.25 lakh crore) over the next five years. Under this investment, the company will set up a world-class Artificial Intelligence (AI) data center campus in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. This is not only Google's largest investment in India to date, but also one of its largest AI projects outside the US. The move reflects India's growing technological advancement and global demand for AI-enabled services. 5. A இந்திய அரசு 16வது நிதி ஆணையத்தின் காலத்தை ஒரு மாதம் நீட்டித்துள்ளது. ஆணையம் இப்போது அதன் இறுதி அறிக்கையை அக்டோபர் 31, 2025 என முன்னர் திட்டமிடப்பட்ட காலக்கெடுவிற்குப் பதிலாக நவம்பர் 30, 2025க்குள் சமர்ப்பிக்கும். அரவிந்த் பனகாரியா தலைமையில், ஆணையம் மத்திய மற்றும் மாநிலங்களுக்கு இடையே வரி வருவாயைப் பகிர்ந்தளிப்பது மற்றும் 2026-2031 காலத்திற்கான பேரிடர் மேலாண்மை நிதி ஏற்பாடுகளை மறுஆய்வு செய்வது குறித்து பரிந்துரைகளை வழங்கும். The Government of India has extended the term of the 16th Finance Commission by one month. The Commission will now submit its final report by November 30, 2025, instead of the previously scheduled deadline of October 31, 2025. Chaired by Arvind Panagariya, the Commission will make recommendations on the distribution of tax revenues between the center and states and a review of disaster management funding arrangements for the period 2026-2031. 6. A பிரதமர் நரேந்திர மோடியும் மங்கோலிய அதிபர் குரேல்சுக் உக்னாவும் புதுதில்லியில் உயர்மட்ட பேச்சுவார்த்தை நடத்தினர், இது இந்தியா-மங்கோலியா உறவுகளில் ஒரு மைல்கல்லாக அமைந்தது. 70 ஆண்டுகால இராஜதந்திர உறவுகளைக் குறிக்கும் இந்த விஜயத்தில், கலாச்சார பரிமாற்றங்கள் மற்றும் இணைப்பு, மேம்பாடு மற்றும் மக்களிடையேயான உறவுகளை மேம்படுத்துவதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்ட பல புரிந்துணர்வு ஒப்பந்தங்கள் மற்றும் அறிவிப்புகள் கையெழுத்தானன. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Mongolian President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa held high-level talks in New Delhi, marking a milestone in India-Mongolia relations. The visit, marking 70 years of diplomatic relations, saw the signing of several MoUs and announcements aimed at enhancing cultural exchanges and connectivity, development, and people-to-people ties. 7. C அதானி எண்டர்பிரைசஸ், அதன் கூட்டு முயற்சி நிறுவனமான அதானி கோனெக்ஸ் மற்றும் கூகிள் மூலம் ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்தின் விசாகப்பட்டினத்தில் இந்தியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய AI தரவு மைய வளாகத்தையும் புதிய பசுமை எரிசக்தி உள்கட்டமைப்பையும் உருவாக்க ஒரு முக்கிய கூட்டாண்மையை அறிவித்தது. Adani Enterprises, through its joint venture company AdaniConnex, and Google announced a landmark partnership to develop India's largest AI data centre campus and new green energy infrastructure in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. 8. C அமெரிக்க ஜனாதிபதி டொனால்ட் டிரம்ப் மற்றும் எகிப்திய ஜனாதிபதி அப்தெல் ஃபத்தா அல்-சிசி ஆகியோர் இணைந்து ஷார்ம் எல்-ஷேக்கில் காசா அமைதித் திட்டம் குறித்த ஒரு முக்கியமான சர்வதேச உச்சிமாநாட்டை நடத்துவார்கள். 27க்கும் மேற்பட்ட நாடுகளைச் சேர்ந்த தலைவர்கள் இந்த உச்சிமாநாட்டில் பங்கேற்பார்கள். காசாவில் நடந்து வரும் போரை முடிவுக்குக் கொண்டு வந்து ஒரு அமைதி ஒப்பந்தத்தை இறுதி செய்வதே இதன் முதன்மை நோக்கமாகும். US President Donald Trump and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi will co-host a crucial international summit on the Gaza peace plan in Sharm el-Sheikh. Leaders from more than 27 countries will participate in the summit. Its primary objective is to end the ongoing war in Gaza and finalize a peace agreement. 9. A அமெரிக்க வரிகள் இந்தியப் பொருளாதாரத்தில் ஏற்படுத்திய தாக்கம் இருந்தபோதிலும், இந்தியாவின் மொத்த உள்நாட்டு உற்பத்தி முன்னர் மதிப்பிடப்பட்டதை விட வேகமாக வளரும் என்று சர்வதேச நாணய நிதியம் (IMF) தெரிவித்துள்ளது. IMF தனது உலகப் பொருளாதாரக் கண்ணோட்ட அறிக்கையில், 2025-26 ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான இந்தியாவின் மொத்த உள்நாட்டு உற்பத்தி வளர்ச்சி விகிதம் 6.6 சதவீதமாக இருக்கும் என்று கணித்துள்ளது, இது முன்பு 6.4 சதவீதமாக இருந்தது. ஆனால் IMF 2026-27 ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான அதன் கணிப்பை 20 அடிப்படைப் புள்ளிகள் குறைத்து 6.2 சதவீதமாகக் குறைத்துள்ளது. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has said that despite the impact of US tariffs on the Indian economy, India's GDP will grow faster than previously estimated. In its World Economic Outlook report, the IMF projected India's GDP growth rate for 2025-26 to be 6.6 percent, up from 6.4 percent previously. But the IMF has lowered its forecast for 2026-27 by 20 basis points to 6.2 percent. 10. C வெனிசுலாவில் ஜனநாயக அதிகாரமளிப்பை ஊக்குவிப்பதற்கான உறுதியான முயற்சிகளுக்காகவும், சர்வாதிகாரத்தை ஜனநாயகமாக மாற்றுவதற்கான அவரது உறுதியான போராட்டத்திற்காகவும் மரியா கொரினா மச்சாடோவுக்கு நோர்வே நோபல் குழு 2025 ஆம் ஆண்டுக்கான அமைதிக்கான நோபல் பரிசை வழங்கியுள்ளது. The Norwegian Nobel Committee has awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize to Maria Corina Machado for her concrete efforts to promote democratic empowerment in Venezuela and her determined struggle to transform dictatorship into democracy. 11. (d) T.M. Nair தீர்வு: டி.எம். நாயர் 1916 ஆம் ஆண்டு பிராமணரல்லாத சமூகங்களை அரசியல் ரீதியாக பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்த நீதிக்கட்சியை இணைந்து நிறுவினார். இந்தக் கட்சி தமிழ்நாட்டில் சமூக சீர்திருத்தங்கள், கல்வி மற்றும் அரசியல் பிரதிநிதித்துவத்திற்காக பாடுபட்டது. Solution: T.M. Nair co-founded the Justice Party in 1916 to represent non-Brahmin communities politically. The party worked for social reforms, education, and political representation in Tamil Nadu. 12. (a) Kanchipuram தீர்வு: காஞ்சிபுரம் அதன் பட்டுச் சேலைகள் மற்றும் கோயில் நகைகளுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்றது. இந்த கைவினைத்திறன் தேசிய மற்றும் சர்வதேச வாங்குபவர்களை ஈர்க்கிறது, நகரத்தை கலாச்சார மற்றும் வணிக முக்கியத்துவத்தின் மையமாக மாற்றுகிறது. Solution: Kanchipuram is renowned for its silk sarees and temple jewelry. The craftsmanship attracts national and international buyers, making the city a hub of cultural and commercial significance. 13. (a) Nilgiris தீர்வு: நீலகிரி மாவட்டம் காபி தோட்டங்களுக்கு, குறிப்பாக அரபிகா வகைகளுக்கு பிரபலமானது. மலைப்பாங்கான நிலப்பரப்பு மற்றும் காலநிலை சிறந்த நிலைமைகளை வழங்குகின்றன, காபி ஏற்றுமதி மூலம் சுற்றுலா மற்றும் பொருளாதாரத்தை ஆதரிக்கின்றன. Solution: Nilgiris district is famous for coffee plantations, especially Arabica variety. The hilly terrain and climate provide ideal conditions, supporting tourism and the economy through coffee exports. 14. (b) Natyanjali தீர்வு: சிதம்பரம் நடராஜர் கோயிலில் நாட்டியாஞ்சலி கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது, இது சிவபெருமானை பிரபஞ்ச நடனக் கலைஞராகக் கருதி கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. பரதநாட்டிய நடனக் கலைஞர்கள் பக்தி நடனங்களை நிகழ்த்துகிறார்கள், தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் இந்தியா முழுவதிலுமிருந்து கலைஞர்கள் மற்றும் பக்தர்களை ஈர்க்கிறார்கள். Solution: Natyanjali is celebrated at Chidambaram Nataraja Temple, honoring Lord Shiva as the cosmic dancer. Bharatanatyam dancers perform devotional dances, attracting artists and devotees from across Tamil Nadu and India. 15. (b) Tiruppur தீர்வு: திருப்பூர் "தென்னிந்தியாவின் ஜவுளித் தலைநகரம்" ஆகும், இது உள்நாட்டு மற்றும் சர்வதேச சந்தைகளுக்கு பின்னலாடை மற்றும் பருத்தி ஆடைகளை உற்பத்தி செய்கிறது. இது தமிழ்நாட்டில் தொழில்துறை வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் வேலைவாய்ப்பை ஆதரிக்கிறது. Solution: Tiruppur is the “Textile Capital of South India,” producing knitwear and cotton garments for domestic and international markets. It supports industrial growth and employment in Tamil Nadu.
October 20 – Current Affairs
Condolence Resolution in TN Assembly The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly passed a condolence resolution on October, 2025, mourning the victims of the Karur stampede. The House observed a moment of silence in honour of those who lost their lives in the incident. The Assembly also adopted condolence resolutions mourning the deaths of former Kerala CM V S Achuthanandan, former Jharkhand Chief Minister Shibu Soren, and Nagaland Governor La. Ganesan, veteran CPI leader Sudhakar Reddy, and IAS officer Beela Venkatesan.
தமிழ்நாடு சட்டமன்றத்தில் இரங்கல் தீர்மானம் கரூர் கூட்ட நெரிசலில் உயிரிழந்தவர்களுக்கு இரங்கல் தெரிவித்து, அக்டோபர் 2025 அன்று தமிழ்நாடு சட்டமன்றம் இரங்கல் தீர்மானத்தை நிறைவேற்றியது. இந்த சம்பவத்தில் உயிரிழந்தவர்களுக்கு அஞ்சலி செலுத்தும் வகையில் சபை ஒரு நிமிடம் மௌன அஞ்சலி செலுத்தியது. கேரள முன்னாள் முதல்வர் வி.எஸ். அச்சுதானந்தன், ஜார்க்கண்ட் முன்னாள் முதல்வர் ஷிபு சோரன், நாகாலாந்து ஆளுநர் லா. கணேசன், மூத்த சிபிஐ தலைவர் சுதாகர் ரெட்டி மற்றும் ஐஏஎஸ் அதிகாரி பீலா வெங்கடேசன் ஆகியோரின் மறைவுக்கு இரங்கல் தீர்மானங்களையும் சட்டமன்றம் நிறைவேற்றியது.
FASTag Annual Pass Crosses 25 Lakh Users in 2 Months The FASTag Annual Pass, launched on August 2025, has crossed a major milestone by attracting over 25 lakh users within just two months. With 5.67 crore transactions already recorded, this initiative marks a significant step in simplifying and economizing highway travel across India.
2 மாதங்களில் 25 லட்சம் பயனர்களை FASTag ஆண்டு பாஸ் தாண்டியது ஆகஸ்ட் 2025 இல் தொடங்கப்பட்ட FASTag ஆண்டு பாஸ், இரண்டு மாதங்களுக்குள் 25 லட்சத்திற்கும் அதிகமான பயனர்களை ஈர்ப்பதன் மூலம் ஒரு முக்கிய மைல்கல்லைக் கடந்துள்ளது. ஏற்கனவே 5.67 கோடி பரிவர்த்தனைகள் பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டுள்ள நிலையில், இந்த முயற்சி இந்தியா முழுவதும் நெடுஞ்சாலை பயணத்தை எளிதாக்குவதிலும் சிக்கனப்படுத்துவதிலும் ஒரு குறிப்பிடத்தக்க படியைக் குறிக்கிறது.
US Announces $20 Billion Aid to Stabilize Argentina In a high-profile diplomatic move, the United States has unveiled a $20 billion financial aid package to help Argentina navigate its worsening currency and economic crisis. The announcement came after a bilateral meeting between US President Donald Trump and Argentine President Javier Milei at the White House. The aid is intended to restore investor confidence and prevent a financial collapse in Argentina, which is grappling with severe economic instability ahead of its midterm elections scheduled for October 2025.
அர்ஜென்டினாவை நிலைப்படுத்த அமெரிக்கா 20 பில்லியன் டாலர் உதவியை அறிவித்துள்ளது ஒரு உயர்மட்ட ராஜதந்திர நடவடிக்கையாக, அர்ஜென்டினாவின் மோசமடைந்து வரும் நாணய மற்றும் பொருளாதார நெருக்கடியைச் சமாளிக்க உதவும் வகையில் அமெரிக்கா 20 பில்லியன் டாலர் நிதி உதவித் தொகுப்பை வெளியிட்டுள்ளது. வெள்ளை மாளிகையில் அமெரிக்க ஜனாதிபதி டொனால்ட் டிரம்ப் மற்றும் அர்ஜென்டினா ஜனாதிபதி ஜேவியர் மிலே இடையேயான இருதரப்பு சந்திப்பிற்குப் பிறகு இந்த அறிவிப்பு வந்தது. இந்த உதவி முதலீட்டாளர்களின் நம்பிக்கையை மீட்டெடுக்கவும், 2025 அக்டோபரில் நடைபெறவிருக்கும் இடைக்காலத் தேர்தலுக்கு முன்னதாக கடுமையான பொருளாதார உறுதியற்ற தன்மையுடன் போராடி வரும் அர்ஜென்டினாவில் நிதி சரிவைத் தடுக்கவும் நோக்கமாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது.
Messi Becomes Top Assist Maker in International Football In a dazzling display of playmaking brilliance, Lionel Messi etched another chapter in football history by becoming the all-time leader in international assists. In Argentina’s 6‑0 rout of Puerto Rico, the 38-year-old icon provided two assists, taking his total to 60—surpassing both Neymar and Landon Donovan on the all time list.
மெஸ்ஸி சர்வதேச கால்பந்தில் சிறந்த உதவியாளர் ஆனார் பிளேமேக்கிங் திறமையின் அற்புதமான வெளிப்பாடாக, சர்வதேச உதவிகளில் எல்லா நேரத்திலும் தலைவராக லியோனல் மெஸ்ஸி கால்பந்து வரலாற்றில் மற்றொரு அத்தியாயத்தைப் பொறித்தார். புவேர்ட்டோ ரிக்கோவை 6-0 முறை தோற்கடித்த அர்ஜென்டினாவின் 38 வயதான ஐகான் இரண்டு உதவிகளை வழங்கியது, அவரது மொத்த எண்ணிக்கையை 60 ஆக உயர்த்தியது – நெய்மர் மற்றும் லாண்டன் டோனோவன் இருவரையும் அனைத்து நேரப் பட்டியலில் முறியடித்தது.
Abhishek, Mandhana Win ICC Player of the Month October 2025 Indian cricket celebrated a proud moment in September 2025 as Abhishek Sharma and Smriti Mandhana were named ICC Players of the Month for their exceptional performances in international cricket. Both left-handed openers, they stood out with match-winning knocks and career milestones that resonated across global rankings and fan votes.
அபிஷேக், மந்தனா அக்டோபர் 2025 இல் ஐசிசி மாத வீரர் விருதை வென்றனர் சர்வதேச கிரிக்கெட்டில் சிறப்பான ஆட்டத்தை வெளிப்படுத்தியதற்காக அபிஷேக் சர்மா மற்றும் ஸ்மிருதி மந்தனா ஆகியோர் ஐசிசி மாத வீரர்களாக அறிவிக்கப்பட்டதை இந்திய கிரிக்கெட் செப்டம்பர் 2025 இல் பெருமைமிக்க தருணமாகக் கொண்டாடியது. இடது கை தொடக்க ஆட்டக்காரர்களான இருவரும், உலக தரவரிசை மற்றும் ரசிகர் வாக்குகளில் எதிரொலிக்கும் போட்டிகளில் வெற்றிபெறச் செய்யும் இன்னிங்ஸ்கள் மற்றும் தொழில் வாழ்க்கையின் மைல்கற்களால் தனித்து நின்றனர்.
Bajaj Finserv AMC Launches ‘Pay with Mutual Fund’ via UPI Bajaj Finserv AMC has unveiled a groundbreaking feature that bridges investing and daily payments—the ‘Pay with Mutual Fund’ facility. In collaboration with fintech firm Curie Money, this innovation allows investors to use their mutual fund units to make UPI transactions, seamlessly blending the world of asset growth with real-time spending needs.
பஜாஜ் ஃபின்சர்வ் ஏஎம்சி, யுபிஐ வழியாக ‘மியூச்சுவல் ஃபண்ட் மூலம் பணம் செலுத்துதல்’ என்ற புதிய வசதியை அறிமுகப்படுத்தியுள்ளது. பஜாஜ் ஃபின்சர்வ் ஏஎம்சி, முதலீடு மற்றும் தினசரி கொடுப்பனவுகளை இணைக்கும் ஒரு புதிய அம்சத்தை அறிமுகப்படுத்தியுள்ளது – ‘மியூச்சுவல் ஃபண்ட் மூலம் பணம் செலுத்துதல்’ வசதி. ஃபின்டெக் நிறுவனமான கியூரி மணியுடன் இணைந்து, இந்த கண்டுபிடிப்பு முதலீட்டாளர்கள் தங்கள் மியூச்சுவல் ஃபண்ட் யூனிட்களை யுபிஐ பரிவர்த்தனைகளைச் செய்ய அனுமதிக்கிறது, இது சொத்து வளர்ச்சியின் உலகத்தை நிகழ்நேர செலவுத் தேவைகளுடன் தடையின்றி கலக்கிறது.
Aran Illam Tamil Nadu Chief Minister launched ‘Aran Illam’ shelter homes for transgender persons. Two homes were opened in the first phase—one in Shenoy Nagar, Chennai, and the other in Anna Nagar, Madurai. Transgender individuals above 18 years with an ID from the State Transgender Welfare Board are eligible to stay. The shelter duration ranges from one month to three years based on individual needs. The homes provide counselling, education, free legal help, and support for family reintegration.
அரண் இல்லம் தமிழக முதல்வர் திருநங்கைகளுக்கான ‘அரண் இல்லம்’ காப்பகங்களைத் தொடங்கி வைத்தார். முதல் கட்டமாக இரண்டு இல்லங்கள் திறக்கப்பட்டன – ஒன்று சென்னை ஷெனாய் நகரிலும், மற்றொன்று மதுரை அண்ணா நகரிலும். மாநில திருநங்கைகள் நல வாரியத்தின் அடையாள அட்டையுடன் 18 வயதுக்கு மேற்பட்ட திருநங்கைகள் தங்க தகுதியுடையவர்கள். தங்குமிட காலம் ஒரு மாதம் முதல் மூன்று ஆண்டுகள் வரை தனிப்பட்ட தேவைகளைப் பொறுத்து மாறுபடும். இந்த இல்லங்கள் ஆலோசனை, கல்வி, இலவச சட்ட உதவி மற்றும் குடும்ப மறு ஒருங்கிணைப்புக்கான ஆதரவை வழங்குகின்றன.
October – 20 Important Points in History
1296 – Alauddin Khilji takes over the throne of Delhi: October 1296 – Alauddin Khilji takes over the throne of Delhi Alauddin Khilji becomes the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. He gained power by killing his uncle and father-in-law Jalaluddin Khilji. Alauddin made many tough reforms to consolidate his power, such as changes in the market system and agricultural taxes. He successfully faced the Mongol invasions and expanded the Delhi Sultanate extensively.
1555 – Parliament of England refuses to recognize Philip as King of Spain: 1555 – Parliament of England refuses to recognize Philip as King of Spain Philip was the husband of Mary I, Queen of England, and Parliament refused to recognize him as King of Spain. The dispute arose because of political and religious differences between England and Spain. This decision reflects Parliament’s attitude towards England’s independence, which wanted to keep its country safe from foreign influence.
1871 – First amateur outdoor athletic games held in the US (New York): On October, 1871, the first amateur outdoor athletic games were held in New York. This event was an important step in the development of American sports culture and was followed by organized sports in schools and colleges. It played an important role in popularizing athletic events.
1934 – Jayaprakash Narayan formed the Congress Socialist Party: Jayaprakash Narayan and his colleagues formed a Socialist Party within the Indian National Congress. Its aim was to establish an egalitarian and independent India based on the principles of socialism. The party became an important stream in the freedom movement and broke away from the Congress and promoted socialist ideology.
1945 – Women in France get the right to vote for the first time: After World War II, women in France got the right to vote for the first time on October 1945. This was a major change in French society, giving women political rights and making them a part of society with equality and freedom.
Multiple Choice Questions, Answers with Explanations
Q.1. வரும் ஆண்டுகளில் முன்னறிவிப்பு துல்லியத்தை மேம்படுத்த எந்த மாநிலம் அதிக வானிலை ரேடார்களைப் பெற உள்ளது? Which state is set to receive more weather radars to improve forecast accuracy in the coming years? (a) தமிழ்நாடு/Tamil Nadu (b) கர்நாடகா/Karnataka (c) கேரளா/Kerala (d) தெலுங்கானா/Telangana Q.2. சமீபத்தில், 'எந்த மாநிலத்தில் ஸ்டார்ட்-அப் சுற்றுச்சூழல்: வாய்ப்புகள் மற்றும் சவால்கள்' என்ற தலைப்பில் மாநில திட்டக்குழு (SPC) அறிக்கை முதலமைச்சரிடம் சமர்ப்பிக்கப்பட்டது. Recently, a State Planning Commission (SPC) report titled 'Start-up Ecosystem in Which State: Opportunities and Challenges' was submitted to the Chief Minister. (a) தமிழ்நாடு/Tamil Nadu (b) கர்நாடகா/Karnataka (c) கேரளா/Kerala (d) தெலுங்கானா/Telangana Q.3. சமீபத்தில் ஆந்திர மாநிலம் கர்னூலில் பிரதமர் நரேந்திர மோடி எவ்வளவு மதிப்பிலான வளர்ச்சித் திட்டங்களை தொடங்கி வைத்தார்? Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated development projects worth how much amount in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh? (a) ₹10,500 crore (b) ₹12,000 crore (c) ₹13,430 crore (d) ₹14,000 crore Q.4. இந்தியாவின் வர்த்தகப் பற்றாக்குறை செப்டம்பர் 2025 இல் எத்தனை பில்லியன் டாலர்களாக அதிகரித்தது, இது 11 மாதங்களில் மிக அதிகமாக உள்ளது? India's trade deficit increased to how many billion dollars in September 2025, the highest in 11 months? (a) $28.5 billion (b) $30.2 billion (c) $32.15 billion (d) $35.6 billion Q.5. UPI கட்டணங்களுக்கான 'பரஸ்பர நிதிகளுடன் பணம் செலுத்து' அம்சத்தை சமீபத்தில் அறிமுகப்படுத்திய AMC எது? Which AMC recently launched the 'Pay with Mutual Funds' feature for UPI payments? (a) HDFC AMC (b) ICICI Prudential AMC (c) Bajaj Finserv AMC (d) Axis AMC Q.6. மூன்று வருட ஒப்பந்தத்தின் கீழ் எந்த நிறுவனம் சமீபத்தில் சீனாவில் இந்திய விசா மையங்களை இயக்கும்? Which company will recently operate Indian visa centers in China under a three-year contract? (a) TCS (b) VFS Global (c) BLS International (d) Infosys Q.7. சமீபத்தில், அதானி குழுமம் சோன்பிரயாக் முதல் கேதார்நாத் தாம் வரை ரோப்வே திட்டத்தை எவ்வளவு தொகைக்கு உருவாக்குகிறது? Recently, Adani Group is building a ropeway project from Sonprayag to Kedarnath Dham for how much amount? (a) ₹2,500 crore (b) ₹3,200 crore (c) ₹4,081 crore (d) ₹5,000 crore Q.8. ஓலா எலக்ட்ரிக் சமீபத்தில் அறிமுகப்படுத்திய புதிய ஆற்றல் சேமிப்பு தீர்வு எது? Which new energy storage solution has Ola Electric recently launched? (a) Ola Charge (b) Ola Volt (c) Ola Shakti (d) Ola PowerCell Q.9. ஹூண்டாய் மோட்டார் இந்தியா லிமிடெட்டின் முதல் இந்திய MD மற்றும் CEO ஆக சமீபத்தில் நியமிக்கப்பட்டவர் யார்? Who has recently been appointed as the first Indian MD and CEO of Hyundai Motor India Limited? (a) உன்சூ கிம்/Unsoo Kim (b) தருண் கர்க்/Tarun Garg (c) ஷைலேஷ் சந்திரா/Shailesh Chandra (d) ராஜீவ் பஜாஜ்/Rajiv Bajaj Q.10. இந்தியா-தென் கொரியா இடையேயான முதல் கடற்படை பயிற்சி (IN-RoKN) சமீபத்தில் எங்கு நடைபெற்றது? Where was the first India-South Korea naval exercise (IN-RoKN) recently held? (a) விசாகப்பட்டினம்/Visakhapatnam (b) புசான் கடற்படை தளம்/Busan Naval Base (c) கொச்சி/Kochi (d) கோவா/Goa Q.11. எந்த தமிழ்நாடு துறைமுகம் "முத்து நகரம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது? Which Tamil Nadu port is known as “Pearl City”? (a) சென்னை/Chennai (b) எண்ணூர்/Ennore (c) தூத்துக்குடி/Thoothukudi (d) நாகப்பட்டினம்/Nagapattinam Q.12. தமிழ்நாட்டின் எந்த மாவட்டம் “கைத்தறித் தொழிலுக்கு” பிரபலமானது? Which Tamil Nadu district is famous for “Handloom Industry”? (a) ஈரோடு/Erode (b) கோயம்புத்தூர்/Coimbatore (c) சேலம்/Salem (d) மதுரை/Madurai Q.13. "ஸ்ரீபுரத்தின் பொற்கோயில்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் கோவில் எது? Which temple is called the “Golden Temple of Sripuram”? (a) வேலூர்/Vellore (b) மதுரை/Madurai (c) சென்னை/Chennai (d) கோயம்புத்தூர்/Coimbatore Q.14. "நவீன தமிழ் கவிதையின் தந்தை" என்று அழைக்கப்படுபவர் யார்? Who is regarded as the “Father of Modern Tamil Poetry”? (a) பாரதிதாசன்/Bharathidasan (b) சுப்ரமணிய பாரதி/Subramania Bharati (c) கம்பார்/Kambar (d) இளங்கோ அடிகள்/Ilango Adigal Q.15. எந்த தமிழ்நாட்டின் மாவட்டம் "பூட்டு தொழிலுக்கு" பிரபலமானது? Which Tamil Nadu district is famous for “Lock Industry”? (a) திண்டுக்கல்/Dindigul (b) கோயம்புத்தூர்/Coimbatore (c) சேலம்/Salem (d) திருப்பூர்/Tiruppur 1. A வரும் ஆண்டுகளில் முன்னறிவிப்பு துல்லியத்தை மேம்படுத்துவதற்காக தமிழ்நாடு அதிக வானிலை ரேடார்களைப் பெற திட்டமிடப்பட்டது. தற்போதுள்ள எஸ்-பேண்ட் மற்றும் எக்ஸ்-பேண்ட் அமைப்புகளுடன் கூடுதலாக மூன்று எக்ஸ்-பேண்ட் ரேடார்களைப் பெற சென்னை திட்டமிடப்பட்டது. Tamil Nadu was set to receive more weather radars to improve forecasting accuracy in the coming years. Chennai was planned to get three additional X-band radars, adding to the existing S-band and X-band systems. 2. A ‘தமிழ்நாட்டில் ஸ்டார்ட்-அப் சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்பு: வாய்ப்புகள் மற்றும் சவால்கள்’ என்ற தலைப்பிலான மாநில திட்ட ஆணையத்தின் (SPC) அறிக்கை முதலமைச்சரிடம் சமர்ப்பிக்கப்பட்டது. பங்கேற்பை அதிகரிக்க அணுகலை மேம்படுத்தவும், மாநில அரசின் நிதி திட்டங்களுக்கான விண்ணப்ப செயல்முறையை எளிமைப்படுத்தவும் அது பரிந்துரைத்தது. The State Planning Commission (SPC) report titled ‘Start-Up Ecosystem in Tamil Nadu: Opportunities and Challenges’ was submitted to the Chief Minister. It recommended enhancing accessibility and simplifying the application process for state government funding schemes to increase participation. 3. C பிரதமர் நரேந்திர மோடி ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்தின் கர்னூலில் சுமார் ₹13,430 கோடி மதிப்பிலான பல மேம்பாட்டுத் திட்டங்களைத் தொடங்கி வைத்து, அடிக்கல் நாட்டினார் மற்றும் நாட்டுக்கு அர்ப்பணித்தார். இந்தத் திட்டங்கள் தொழில், மின் பரிமாற்றம், சாலைகள், ரயில்வே, பாதுகாப்பு உற்பத்தி மற்றும் பெட்ரோலியம் மற்றும் இயற்கை எரிவாயு உள்ளிட்ட முக்கிய துறைகளை உள்ளடக்கியது. கர்னூலில் ஒரு பொதுக் கூட்டத்தில் உரையாற்றிய பிரதமர், சுத்தமான எரிசக்தி மற்றும் மின்சார அணுகலில் இந்தியாவின் விரைவான முன்னேற்றத்தை எடுத்துரைத்தார். Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated, laid the foundation stone, and dedicated to the nation several development projects worth approximately ₹13,430 crore in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. These projects span key sectors including industry, power transmission, roads, railways, defense manufacturing, and petroleum and natural gas. Addressing a public gathering in Kurnool, the Prime Minister highlighted India's rapid progress in clean energy and electricity access. 4. C இந்தியாவின் வர்த்தகப் பற்றாக்குறை செப்டம்பர் 2025 இல் 32.15 பில்லியன் அமெரிக்க டாலர்களாகக் கடுமையாக விரிவடைந்தது - இது 11 மாதங்களில் இல்லாத அளவுக்கு மிக அதிகம். வர்த்தக அமைச்சகம் வெளியிட்ட தரவுகளின்படி, இந்த அதிகரிப்பு எதிர்பார்த்ததை விட மிக அதிகமாக இருந்தது. இறக்குமதியில் கூர்மையான அதிகரிப்பு மற்றும் ஏற்றுமதியில் ஒப்பீட்டளவில் மெதுவான வளர்ச்சி, அத்துடன் இந்தியப் பொருட்கள் மீதான சமீபத்திய அமெரிக்க வரி உயர்வின் தாக்கம் காரணமாக இந்த அதிகரிப்பு ஏற்பட்டது. இந்தியாவிற்கும் அமெரிக்காவிற்கும் இடையே முக்கியமான வர்த்தகப் பேச்சுவார்த்தைகள் நடந்து வரும் நேரத்தில் இது வருகிறது, இதில் இந்தியா அமெரிக்காவிலிருந்து எரிசக்தி இறக்குமதியை அதிகரிக்கவும் ரஷ்ய எண்ணெய் வாங்குவதைப் பாதுகாக்கவும் தயாராகி வருகிறது. India's trade deficit widened sharply to a record US$32.15 billion in September 2025—the highest in 11 months. According to data released by the Commerce Ministry, the increase was much higher than anticipated. The increase was due to a sharp increase in imports and a relatively slower growth in exports, as well as the impact of the recent US tariff hike on Indian goods. This comes at a time when crucial trade negotiations are underway between India and the US, in which India is preparing to increase energy imports from the US and secure its purchases of Russian oil. 5. C பஜாஜ் ஃபின்சர்வ் AMC முதலீடு மற்றும் தினசரி கொடுப்பனவுகளை ஒன்றிணைக்கும் ஒரு புரட்சிகர அம்சத்தை அறிமுகப்படுத்தியுள்ளது - "பரஸ்பர நிதிகளுடன் பணம் செலுத்து" அம்சம். ஃபின்டெக் நிறுவனமான கியூரி மணியுடன் இணைந்து, இந்த கண்டுபிடிப்பு முதலீட்டாளர்கள் தங்கள் பரஸ்பர நிதி அலகுகளைப் பயன்படுத்தி UPI பரிவர்த்தனைகளைச் செய்ய அனுமதிக்கிறது, இது சொத்து வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் நிகழ்நேர செலவுத் தேவைகளின் உலகங்களை தடையின்றி கலக்கிறது. Bajaj Finserv AMC has launched a groundbreaking feature that brings together investing and daily payments—the "Pay with Mutual Funds" feature. In collaboration with fintech firm Curie Money, this innovation allows investors to make UPI transactions using their mutual fund units, seamlessly blending the worlds of asset growth and real-time spending needs. 6. C ராஜதந்திர மற்றும் மக்கள்-மக்கள் உறவுகளை வலுப்படுத்துவதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு குறிப்பிடத்தக்க நடவடிக்கையாக, சீனாவில் இந்திய விசா விண்ணப்ப மையங்களை (IVACs) நிறுவி இயக்குவதற்கு BLS இன்டர்நேஷனல் சர்வீசஸ் லிமிடெட் இந்தியாவின் வெளியுறவு அமைச்சகத்திடமிருந்து (MEA) மூன்று ஆண்டு ஒப்பந்தத்தைப் பெற்றுள்ளது. இந்த ஒப்பந்தம் மூன்று முக்கிய சீன நகரங்களான பெய்ஜிங், ஷாங்காய் மற்றும் குவாங்சோவில் விசா சேவைகளை நிர்வகிக்க BLS ஐ அங்கீகரிக்கிறது. நீண்ட இடைநீக்கத்திற்குப் பிறகு சீன குடிமக்களுக்கு சுற்றுலா விசாக்களை வழங்குவதை மீண்டும் தொடங்க இந்தியா சமீபத்தில் எடுத்த முடிவைத் தொடர்ந்து இந்த நடவடிக்கை எடுக்கப்பட்டது. In a significant move aimed at strengthening diplomatic and people-to-people ties, BLS International Services Limited has secured a three-year contract from India's Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) to establish and operate Indian Visa Application Centers (IVACs) in China. The contract authorizes BLS to manage visa services in three major Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. This move follows India's recent decision to resume issuing tourist visas to Chinese citizens after a long suspension. 7. C அதானி குழுமம் ₹4,081 கோடி செலவில் சோன்பிரயாகிலிருந்து கேதார்நாத் வரை 12.9 கிலோமீட்டர் நீளமுள்ள ரோப்வே திட்டத்தை உருவாக்கி வருகிறது. இந்த திட்டம் யாத்ரீகர்களுக்கான 8-9 மணிநேர மேல்நோக்கி பயணத்தை 36 நிமிடங்களாகக் குறைக்கும். The Adani Group is building a 12.9-kilometer ropeway project from Sonprayag to Kedarnath at a cost of ₹4,081 crore. This project will reduce the 8-9 hour uphill journey for pilgrims to 36 minutes. 8. C மின்சார வாகனங்களுக்கு அப்பால் நகர்ந்து, ஓலா எலக்ட்ரிக் நிறுவனம், ஓலா சக்தி எனப்படும் புதிய பேட்டரி ஆற்றல் சேமிப்பு அமைப்பை (BESS) அறிமுகப்படுத்தியுள்ளது. இந்தியாவின் மின்சார இரு சக்கர வாகன சந்தையில் முன்னோடியாக அறியப்பட்ட ஓலா, குடியிருப்பு மற்றும் மின் கட்டமைப்பு அளவிலான எரிசக்தி தேவைகளைப் பூர்த்தி செய்வதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்டு, பரந்த சுத்தமான எரிசக்தி சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்பில் கால் பதித்துள்ளது. இந்த மேம்பாடு, எரிசக்தி தன்னம்பிக்கை மற்றும் நிலைத்தன்மையில் இந்தியாவின் வளர்ந்து வரும் கவனத்திற்கு ஏற்ப அமைந்துள்ளது. Moving beyond electric vehicles, Ola Electric has launched a new battery energy storage system (BESS) called Ola Shakti. Known for pioneering India's electric two-wheeler market, Ola is now venturing into the broader clean energy ecosystem, aiming to meet residential and grid-scale energy needs. This development is in line with India's growing focus on energy self-reliance and sustainability. 9. B ஹூண்டாய் மோட்டார் இந்தியா லிமிடெட் (HMIL)-க்கு ஒரு குறிப்பிடத்தக்க தருணத்தில், தருண் கார்க், ஜனவரி 1, 2026 முதல் புதிய நிர்வாக இயக்குநர் மற்றும் தலைமை நிர்வாக அதிகாரியாக (MD & CEO) நியமிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளார். 1996 ஆம் ஆண்டு இந்தியாவில் ஹூண்டாய் நிறுவனம் நுழைந்ததிலிருந்து, இந்தியாவில் ஒரு இந்திய நிர்வாகி தலைமைப் பொறுப்பில் இருப்பது இதுவே முதல் முறையாகும். In a significant juncture for Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL), Tarun Garg has been appointed as the new Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD & CEO), effective January 1, 2026. This appointment marks the first time an Indian executive will be at the helm of Hyundai's operations in India since the company entered India in 1996. 10. B இந்தோ-பசிபிக் பிராந்தியத்தில் கடல்சார் ஒத்துழைப்புக்கு புதிய உத்வேகத்தை அளிக்கும் வகையில், இந்திய கடற்படை (IN) மற்றும் கொரிய குடியரசு கடற்படை (ROKN) ஆகியவை தென் கொரியாவின் பூசன் கடற்படை தளத்தில் தங்கள் முதல் இருதரப்பு கடற்படை பயிற்சி தொடரான "IN-ROKN" ஐத் தொடங்கின. இந்த வரலாற்று சிறப்புமிக்க பயிற்சி இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையிலான மூலோபாய கூட்டாண்மையை வலுப்படுத்துவதற்கும், கடல்சார் இடைச்செயல்பாடு, நம்பிக்கை மற்றும் பிராந்திய நிலைத்தன்மையை ஊக்குவிப்பதற்கும் ஒரு குறிப்பிடத்தக்க படியாகும். Giving new impetus to maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region, the Indian Navy (IN) and the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) commenced their first bilateral naval exercise series "IN-ROKN" at Busan Naval Base, South Korea. This historic exercise is a significant step towards strengthening the strategic partnership between the two countries and promoting maritime interoperability, trust and regional stability. 11. (c) Thoothukudi தீர்வு: “முத்து நகரம்” என்று அழைக்கப்படும் தூத்துக்குடி, முத்து மீன்பிடித்தல் மற்றும் கடல்சார் வர்த்தகத்திற்கு பிரபலமானது. அதன் துறைமுகம் தமிழ்நாட்டில் தொழில், மீன்பிடித்தல் மற்றும் வர்த்தகத்தை ஆதரிக்கிறது. Solution: Thoothukudi, called “Pearl City,” is famous for pearl fishing and maritime trade. Its port supports industry, fisheries, and commerce in Tamil Nadu. 12. (a) Erode தீர்வு: ஈரோடு மாவட்டம் கைத்தறி ஜவுளிகளுக்கு, குறிப்பாக பருத்தி துணிகளுக்கு பெயர் பெற்றது. இந்தத் தொழில் கிராமப்புற வாழ்வாதாரத்தை ஆதரிக்கிறது மற்றும் தமிழ்நாட்டின் ஜவுளி ஏற்றுமதிக்கு பங்களிக்கிறது. Solution: Erode district is known for handloom textiles, especially cotton fabrics. The industry supports rural livelihoods and contributes to Tamil Nadu’s textile exports. 13. (a) Vellore பரிகாரம்: வேலூரில் அமைந்துள்ள ஸ்ரீபுரம் பொற்கோயில் லட்சுமி தேவிக்காக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. தங்க இலைகளால் மூடப்பட்ட இது, பக்தர்களையும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளையும் ஈர்க்கிறது, இது தமிழ்நாட்டின் மத கட்டிடக்கலை மற்றும் பாரம்பரியத்தை அடையாளப்படுத்துகிறது. Solution: The Golden Temple of Sripuram, located in Vellore, is dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi. Covered in gold leaf, it attracts devotees and tourists, symbolizing Tamil Nadu’s religious architecture and heritage. 14. (b) Subramania Bharati தீர்வு: சுப்பிரமணிய பாரதி, தமிழ் கவிஞர் மற்றும் சுதந்திரப் போராட்ட வீரர், தேசபக்தி, சமூக சீர்திருத்தம் மற்றும் பெண்ணிய கருப்பொருள்களுடன் நவீனமயமாக்கப்பட்ட தமிழ் கவிதை, தமிழ் இலக்கியம் மற்றும் தேசியவாத இயக்கங்களில் செல்வாக்கு செலுத்தினார். Solution: Subramania Bharati, Tamil poet and freedom fighter, modernized Tamil poetry with patriotic, social reform, and feminist themes, influencing Tamil literature and nationalist movements. 15. (a) Dindigul தீர்வு: திண்டுக்கல் அதன் பாரம்பரிய பூட்டு தொழிலுக்கு புகழ்பெற்றது. இந்தப் பூட்டுகள் நீடித்து உழைக்கக் கூடியவையாகவும், இந்தியா முழுவதும் ஏற்றுமதி செய்யப்படுவதாலும், உள்ளூர் கைவினைத்திறன் மற்றும் பொருளாதாரத்தை ஆதரிக்கின்றன. Solution: Dindigul is renowned for its traditional lock-making industry. The locks are durable and exported across India, supporting local craftsmanship and economy.
