1. Copper-T is a device that prevents
(a) implantation of blastocyst
(b) ovulation
(c) fertilization
(d) egg maturation
2. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe up to how many weeks of pregnancy?
(a) Eight weeks
(b) Twelve weeks
(c) Eighteen weeks
(d) Six weeks
3. Consider the statements given below regarding contraception and answer as directed thereafter: (i) Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) during first trimester is generally safe (ii) Generally chances of conception are nil until mother breast-feeds the infant upto two years (iii) Intrauterine devices like copper-T are effective contraceptives (iv) Contraception pills may be taken upto one week after coitus to prevent conception Which two of the above statements are correct?
(a) ii and iii
(b) iii and iv
(c) i and iii
(d) i and ii
4. Cu ions released from copper – releasing Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs):
(a) make uterus unsuitable for implantation
(b) increase phagocytosis of sperms
(c) suppress sperm motility
(d) prevent ovulation
5. Which one of the following is the most widely accepted method of contraception in India, as at present?
(a) Cervical caps
(b) Tubectomy
(c) Diaphragms
(d) IUDs. (Intra uterine devices)
6. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe up to how many weeks of pregnancy?
(a) Eight weeks
(b) Twelve weeks
(c) Eighteen weeks
(d) Six weeks
7. The technique called gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females:
(a) who cannot produce an ovum
(b) who cannot retain the foetus inside uterus.
(c) whose cervical canal is too narrow to allow passage for the sperms
(d) who cannot provide suitable environment for fertilisation
8. Artificial insemination mean:
(a) Transfer of sperms of husband to a test tube containing ova
(b) Artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina
(c) Introduction of sperms of a healthy donor directly into the ovary
(d) Transfer of sperms of a healthy donor to a test tube containing ova
9. The test-tube Baby Programme employs which one of the following techniques
(a) Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
(b) Intra uterine insemination (IUI)
(c) Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIET)
(d) Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT)
10. Which of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis?
(a) Sex of the foetus
(b) Down syndrome
(c) Jaundice
(d) Klinefelter syndrome
11. One of the legal methods of birth control is:
(a) by abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle
(b) by having coitus at the time of day break
(c) by a premature ejaculation during coitus (d) abortion by taking an appropriate medicine
12. Artificial insemination mean:
(a) Transfer of sperms of husband to a test tube containing ova
(b) Artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina
(c) Introduction of sperms of a healthy donor directly into the ovary
(d) Transfer of sperms of a healthy donor to a test tube containing ova
13. One of the following is not a method of contraception – which one?
(a) Tubectomy
(b) Condoms
(c) Pills of a combination of oxytocin and vasopressin
(d) Lippes loop
14. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)?
(a) The chances of a 5 year boy contacting a STD are very little
(b) A person may contact syphilis by sharing milk with one already suffering from the disease
(c) Haemophilia is one of the STD
(d) Genital herpes and sickle-cell anaemia are both STD
15. The stage transferred into the uterus after induced fertilization of ova in the laboratory is
(a) Zygote
(b) Embryo at 4 blastomere stage
(c) Embryo at 2 blastomere stage
(d) Morula
16. In Vasectomy which part is tied and cut ?
(a) Epididydermis
(b) Vas deferens
(c) Ejeculatory duct
(d) Urinogenitial duct
17.The function of copper ions in copper releasing IUDs is
(a) they make uterus unsuitable for Implantation
(b) they inhibit gametogenesis
(c) they inhibit ovulation
(d) they suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms.
18. Progestasert and LNG-20 are
(a) Non-medicated IUDs
(b) Hormone releasing IUDs
(c) Implants
(d) Copper releasing IUDs
19. Which of the following is hormone releasing IUD?
(a) Multiload 375
(b) Lippes loop
(c) LNG20
(d) Cu7
20. Which are the main method for the diagnosis of STDS ?
(a) By detection of antibodies in blood.
(b) Identification of pathogen by culturing them
(c) Through a short polynucleotide chain of pathogenic organism
(d) With the help of Primer
21. Test tube baby means a baby born when
(a) the ovum is fertilized externally and thereafter implanted in the uterus
(b) it is developed in a test tube
(c) it is developed through tissue culture method
(d) it develops from a nonfertilized Uterus
22. Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilisation is transferred into
(a) Fallopian tube
(b) fimbriae
(c) uterus
(d) cervix
23.In context of amniocentesis, which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) It can be used for detection of Down’s syndrome.
(b) It can be used for detection of cleft palate.
(c) It is usually done when a woman is between 1416 weeks pregnant.
(d) It is used for prenatal sex determination.
24. Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease?
(a) Syphilis
(b) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
(c) Trichomoniasis
(d) Encephalitis
25. Which are the problems related to the legal induced abortions ?
(a) Emotional and moral
(b) Redigiation and social
(c) Mental and physical
(d) Both a and b.
26. Tubectomy is a method of sterilization in which
(a) ovaries are removed surgically
(b) small part of vas deferens is removed or tied up
(c) small part of the Fallopian tube is removed or tied up
(d) uterus is removed surgically.
27. Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of
(a) zygote into the uterus
(b) embryo with 16 blastomeres into the Fallopian tube.
(c) ovum into the Fallopian tube
(d) zygote into the Fallopian tube
28. What is our main goal to control population growth ?
(a) Decrease in death rate.
(b) Decreasing the birthrate
(c) Organizing several programmes
(d) Promote family planning programmes
29. One of the legal methods of birth control is
(a) by a premature ejaculation during coitus
(b) by having coitus at the time of day break
(c) abortion by taking an appropriate medicine
(d) by abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle.
30. The stage transferred into the uterus after induced fertilization of ovum in the laboratory is
(a) embryo at 4 blastomeres stage
(b) zygote
(c) embryo at 2 blastomeres stage
(d) morula
31. Which of the following is Not a natural contraceptive?
(a) Rhythm method
(b) Lactational amenorrhoea
(c) Progestasert
(d) Continuous abstinence
32. The test tube baby programme employs which one of the following techniques?
(a) Gamete intra Fallopian transfer (GIFT)
(b) Zygote intra Fallopian transfer (ZIFT)
(c) Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
(d) Intra uterine insemination (IUI)
33. The stage transferred into the uterus after induced fertilization of ovum in the laboratory is
(a) embryo at 4 blastomeres stage
(b) embryo at 2 blastomeres stage
(c) morula
(d) zygote
34. The permissible use of the technique amniocentesis is for
(a) transfer of embryo into the uterus of a surrogate mother
(b) detecting sex of the unborn foetus
(c) artificial insemination
(d) detecting any genetic abnormality
35. The technique called Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females
(a) who cannot produce an ovum
(b) who cannot retain the foetus inside uterus
(c) whose cervical canal is too narrow to allow passage for the sperms
(d) who cannot provide suitable environment for fertilization.
36. Match the following sexually transmitted diseases (Column-I) with their causative agent (Column-II) and select the correct option :
| Column I | column II | ||
| (a) | Gonorrhea | (i) | HIV |
| (b) | Syphills | (II) | Neisseria |
| (c) | Genital warts | (III) | Treponema |
| (d) | AIDS | (iv) | Human papiiloma – wirus |
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) iii iv i ii
(2) iv ii iii i
(3) iv iii ii i
(4) ii iii iv I
37. The function of copper ions in copper releasing IUD’s is :
(a) They inhibit gametogenesis
(b) They make uterus unsuitable for implantation
(c) They inhibt ovulation
(d) The suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms
38. The contraceptive ‘SAHELI’
(a) blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted.
(b) increases the concentration of estrogen and prevents ovulation in females.
(c) is a post-coital contraceptive.
(d) is an IUD.
39. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Ovules are not enclosed by ovary wall in gymnosperms
(b) Selaginella is heterosporous, while Salvinia is homosporous
(c) Stems are usually unbranched in both Cycas and Cedrus
(d) Horsetails are gymnosperms
40. Which of the following contraceptive methods do involve a role of hormone?
(a) Lactational amenorrhea, Pills Emergency contraceptives.
(b) Barrier method, Lactational amenorrhea, Pills.
(c) CuT, Pills, Emergency contraceptives.
(d) Pills, Emergency contraceptives, Barrier methods.
41. Select the hormone-releasing Intra-Uterine Devices.
(a) Vaults, LNG-20
(b) Multiload 375, Progestasert
(c) Progestasert, LNG-20
(d) Lippes Loop, Multiload 375
42. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is not completely curable?
(a) Gonorrhoea
(b) Genital warts
(c) Genital herpes
(d) Chlamydiasis
43. In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive?
(a) ICSI and ZIFT
(b) GIFT and ICSI
(c) ZIFT and IUT
(d) GIFT and ZIFT
44. Select the option including all sexually transmitted diseases.
(a) AIDS, Malaria, Filaria
(b) Cancer, AIDS, Syphilis
(c) Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Genital herpes
(d) Gonorrhoea, Malaria, Genital herpes
45. Match List-I with List-II.
List I List II
(a) Vaults (i) Entry of sperm through Cervix is blocked
(b) IUDs (ii) Removal of Vas deferens
(c) Vasectomy (iii) Phagocytosis of sperms within the Uterus
(d) Tubectomy (iv) Removal of fallopian tube
Choose the correct answer from the options given Below
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(2) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(3) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(4) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
46. Which one of the following is an example of Hormone releasing IUD?
(a) Multiload 375
(b) CuT
(c) LNG 20
(d) Cu 7
Solutions :
1.Solution: (a)Copper ‗T‘ is an intrauterine device which prevents the fertilized egg becoming implanted in the wall of the womb.
2.Solution: (b)Medical termination of pregnancy is considered safe up to twelve weeks of pregnancy.
3.Solution: (c)Statements i and iii are correct. – Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) during first trimester is generally safe. – Intrauterine
device like copper-T are effective contraceptives.
4.Solution: (c)Cu ions released by copper releasing intra uterine devices suppresses sperm motility. Intra-uterine devices are inserted by
doctors in the uterus through vagina. They are available as the non-medicated IUDs, copper releasing IUDs and hormonereleasing IUDs.
5.Solution: (d)Intra uterine device (IUD) is a method of contraception in India. The IUD is inserted in the woman‘s uterus through the cervix.
6.Solution: (b)Medical termination of pregnancy is considered safe up to twelve weeks of pregnancy.
7.Solution: (a)Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females who cannot produce an ovum. In this process, the eggs
of the donor woman are removed and in a form of mixture with sperm transferred into fallopian tube of another woman who cannot produce ovum, but can provide suitable environment for fertilization. Thus in GIFT, site of fertilization is fallopian tube, not laboratory.
8.Solution: (b)In Artificial Insemination (AI) technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI – intrauterine insemination) of the female.
9.Solution: (d)Test tube baby programme employs zygote intrafallopion transfer (ZIFT) technique. In this technique fusion of ovum and sperm is
done outside the body of woman to form zygote which is allowed to divide forming 8 blastomeres, then it is transfered the fallopion tube of the woman.
10.Solution: (c)Jaundice cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis. It is a foetal sex determination test based on chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. It is now legally ban in India.
11.Solution: (d)Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion become legal in India from 1971 with some strict conditions to
avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are important to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported to be high in India. All the other options are of natural methods of contraception.
12.Solution: (b)In Artificial Insemination (AI) technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI – intrauterine insemination) of the female.
13.Solution: (c) Oxytocin is birth hormone and acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction. Vasopressin acts mainly
at the kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes and reduces loss of water through urine. Hence, it is also called as anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
14.Solution: (a)STDs are more common in 15-24 years age group. Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B and AIDS are some of the common STDs. Haemophilia is sex-linked recessive disease, which show its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of male progeny. Sickle cell anaemia is an autoimmune linked recessive trait in which both the partners are carrier for the gene.
15.Solution: (d)In Intra-Uterine Transfer (IUT) embryo with more than 8-blastomeres stage (morula) is used for transfer into the uterus
16.(b) Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. During the procedure, the male vasa deferentia are cut and tied or sealed so as to prevent sperm from entering into the urethra and thereby prevent fertilization of a female through sexual intercourse.
17(d) They suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity of sperms. They inhibit gametogenesis. They make uterus unsuitable for implantation.
18(b) Hormone releasing IUDs
19(c) LNG20
20.(a) There are five main methods for the diagnosis of STDs which include: 1) culture; 2) microscopy; 3) detection of antigens or enzymes; 4) detection of nucleic acid sequences (NAAT); and 5) detection of antibodies.
21. (a) the ovum is fertilized externally and thereafter implanted in the uterus.
22.(c) Embryos with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilization is transferred into uterus for implantation.
23(b) Cleft palate can not detect by amniocentesis.
24(d) Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue. The most common cause is viral infections. In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi. There are two main types of encephalitis: primary and secondary. Primary encephalitis occurs when a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord.
25(d) Both a and b.
26(c) Tubal ligation is commonly called as Tubectomy. It is a surgical procedure of female sterilization. In this procedure, the fallopian tubes are blocked, tied up or removed permanently. Tubal ligation prevents the fertilization of eggs by the sperm and therefore hinders the implantation of a fertilized egg.
27(d) In vitra fertilisation is a process in which an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the woman’s womb and the zygote up to 8 celled stage is implanted into the Fallopian tube. IVF is a major treatment for infertility. The process involves hormonally controlled ovulatory process, removing ova from the woman’s ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in fluid medium. The Zygote or the embryo up to 8-celled stage is then transferred into the patient’s Fallopian tube with the intent to be successful. When the zygote is more than 8 blastomere stage it is placed directly into the uterus to establish pregnancy.
28(b) Decreasing the birthrate
29(d) by abstaining from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle.
30(d) morula
31(c) Natural birth control is a method of preventing pregnancy without the use of medications or physical devices. These concepts are based on awareness and observations about a woman’s body and menstrual cycle.
32 (b) Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT) is an infertility treatment used when a blockage in the fallopian tubes prevents the normal binding of sperm to the egg. Egg cells are removed from a woman’s ovaries, and in vitro fertilised. The resulting zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by the use of laparoscopy.
33.(c) Cleavage divisions produce a solid ball of cells called morula. It has 8–16 cells, occasionally 32 cells. It is transferred into uterus ( IUT Intrauterine transfer) for further development
34. (d) Amniocentesis is withdrawal of a sample of the fluid (amniotic fluid) surrounding a foetus in the uterus by piercing the amniotic sac through the abdominal wall, under direct ultrasound guidance. As the amniotic fluid contains cells from the foetus, cell cultures enable chromosome patterns to be studied so that prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities can be made. Certain metabolic errors and other abnormalities, such as spina bifida, can also be diagnosed prenatally from analysis of the cells or of the fluid. As this technique also helps in detection of sex of the unborn foetus, it has been banned inorder to legally check increasing female foeticides.
35 (a) The technique called gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) is a transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female. This technique is recommended for those females who can not produce an ovum but can provide a suitable environment for fertilisation and further development
36. (d)Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium that infects both males and females. Gonorrhea most often affects the urethra, rectum or throat. In females, gonorrhea can also infect the cervix. Gonorrhea is most commonly spread during vaginal, oral or anal sex. The causative agent of Gonorrhea is Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. The disease starts as a painless sore — typically on your genitals, rectum or mouth. Syphilis spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sore. The causative agent of Syphilis is Treponema pallidum. Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The characteristic symptom is a small bump on the genitals. The causative agent of Genital Warts is Human Papilloma-Virus. HIV causes AIDS and interferes with the body’s ability to fight infections
37. (d) The copper IUD’s primary mechanism of action is to prevent fertilization. Copper acts as a spermicide within the uterus. The presence of copper increases the levels of copper ions, prostaglandins, and white blood cells within the uterine and tubal fluids.
38 (a) Saheli is the first non-steroidal, once a week pill. It contains centchroman and its functioning is based upon selective Estrogen
Receptor modulation. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, also known as estrogen receptor agonist/antagonists, are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, called SERMs for short, block the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue. SERMs work by sitting in the estrogen receptors in breast cells. If a SERM is in the estrogen receptor, there is no room for estrogen and it can’t attach to the cell. If estrogen isn’t attached to a breast cell, the cell doesn’t receive estrogen’s signals to grow and multiply.
39 (a) Gymnosperms have naked ovule. • Called phanerogams without womb/ovary.
40 (a) The contraceptive effect of the lactational amenorrhoea method is a result of increased levels of prolactin. When prolactin levels increase, the production and secretion of another hormone, gonadotrophin releasing hormone are inhibited. Emergency contraceptives includes the administration of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combination or IUDs within 72 hour of coitus.
41 (c) Multiload 375, Progestasert. Hormone releasing intrauterine devices or hormonal IUDs are contraceptive devices placed in a woman’s uterus to prevent pregnancy by continuously releasing a low dose of certain hormones.
42 (c) A common sexually transmitted infection marked by genital pain and sores. Caused by the herpes simplex virus, the disease can affect both men and women. Pain, itching and small sores appear first. They form ulcers and scabs. After initial infection, genital herpes lies dormant in the body. Genital herpes outbreaks usually look like a cluster of itchy or painful blisters filled with fluid. They may be different sizes and appear in different places.
43(c) ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer), in which embryos up to 8 blastomeres are transferred into the Fallopian tubes.
IUT (Intra Uterine Transfer), in which embryos of more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus.
44(c)The sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a condition that’s passed from one person to another through sexual contact.
Sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, genital warts, AIDS, trichomoniasis, chlamydiasis, hepatitis-B, etc
45 (c) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
46 (c) LNG-20 is a hormone releasing IUD which makes the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.
Multiload 375, CuT and Cu7 are copper releasing IUDs which suppress sperm motility and the fertilizing capacity of sperms.