Sunday, October 5, 2025

September-2025 Daily Current Affairs Capsule

MY CAREER INFO

The Tamil Nadu government has constituted a Cashew Board with its headquarters in Cuddalore. The board has been set up to protect the welfare of producers and workers and to boost cashew production and exports. Tamil Nadu ranks fifth in cashew production in India and is the second-largest exporter of cashew nuts. The crop is cultivated on 2.09 lakh acres in the state, and 43,460 metric tonnes of cashew nuts have been produced this year.


The World Bank has approved Rs 1,675 crore for the Tamil Nadu coastal resilience project. The project is named Strengthening Coastal Resilience and the Economy (SHORE).


AIIMS, New Delhi, is the first government medical college in India to start training on the da Vinci robotic surgical system. The system has been introduced at the SET (Skills, e-learning and telemedicine) facility. AIIMS, Delhi is now the only institute to have two robotic training systems – da Vinci and Hugo. Students, residents, nurses and teachers will get practical training here.


The first regional office of Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) was opened in Patna. It was inaugurated by Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal during the Bihar Idea Festival. This move will make APEDA’s services directly available to farmers, exporters and entrepreneurs of Bihar and now they will not have to depend on the Varanasi office.


The Prime Minister also launched the Gyan Bharatam Portal, a dedicated digital platform to accelerate digitisation, preservation and public access to manuscripts, and addressed the gathering on the occasion. A three-day conference on “Reclaiming India’s Knowledge Heritage through Manuscript Heritage” began here. The conference has brought together leading scholars, conservationists, technologists and policy experts to deliberate on measures to revive India’s unique manuscript wealth and bring it to the centre of the global knowledge dialogue


Professor Pradeep Kumar Prajapati has formally assumed charge as Director of All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi. Prior to this, Professor Prajapati was serving as Vice Chancellor of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurveda University, Jodhpur. He has also been associated with research and academic activities at Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar for a long time. He started his career as Assistant Professor at National Institute of Ayurveda (NIA), Jaipur.


India will host the 89th General Meeting (GM) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. Organised by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the summit will bring together over 2,000 global experts from over 100 countries to deliberate on international electrotechnical standards that pave the way for a sustainable, fully electric and connected future. This is the fourth time India is hosting the IEC General Meeting, having previously hosted the meeting in 1960, 1997 and 2013.


Senior Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer Pawan Kumar Sharma has been appointed Deputy Election Commissioner. V. Lalit Lakshmi has been appointed Joint Secretary in the Vice President’s Secretariat. Pawan Sharma is a 1999 batch Madhya Pradesh cadre IAS officer, while Lalit Lakshmi is a 2008 batch West Bengal cadre officer.


Commemorating Nari Shakti and the vision of a developed India, Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh virtually flagged off the world’s first historic tri-services women sailing expedition, Samudra Pradakshina, from Gateway of India, Mumbai. In his address from South Block, Raksha Mantri described the voyage as a shining symbol of Nari Shakti, the collective strength of the tri-services, unity and solidarity, Aatmanirbhar Bharat and its military diplomacy and global outlook.


In boxing, India’s Jasmine Lamboria created history by winning the gold medal at the 2025 World Championships in Liverpool, United Kingdom. The Commonwealth Games medallist defeated Poland’s Julia Szeremeta 4-1 in a hardfought women’s 57kg category.


Thanjavur Solution: Thanjavur is known as the “Granary of South India” due to its fertile Cauvery delta. It has historically been a major rice-producing region and was the capital of the Chola dynasty, rich in culture and art.


234 Solution: Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly consists of 234 constituencies. Members are directly elected by the people. The assembly governs state policies, laws, and development schemes under the framework of India’s federal democratic system.


Tiruchirappalli Solution: Tiruchirappalli (Trichy) is often called the “Oxford of South India” due to its renowned educational institutions like St. Joseph’s College, NIT Trichy, and Bharathidasan University. It has produced many scholars, scientists, and leaders.


Tirunelveli Solution: Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, located in Tirunelveli district, is the largest nuclear power station in India. Built with Russian assistance, it plays a vital role in Tamil Nadu’s electricity generation and energy security.


Kamarajar (Ennore) Solution: Kamarajar Port, earlier Ennore Port, near Chennai, is India’s first corporatized major port and a natural deepwater port. It mainly handles coal, petroleum, and automobile cargo, contributing to Tamil Nadu’s industrial development.


Atomic mineral mining Tamil Nadu Government opposed the Centre’s notification exempting atomic mineral mining from public consultation. He urged centre to withdraw the office memorandum issued by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The memorandum, dated September, 2025, exempts projects involving atomic, critical, and strategic minerals from public consultation.


EPFO Officer Selected for World Bank–Milken PFAM Program In a historic achievement, Shri Vivekanand Gupta, Regional Provident Fund Commissioner, has been selected to represent India and the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) in the prestigious Public Financial Asset Management (PFAM) Program 2025–26. The program is jointly organized by the World Bank and the Milken Institute, and hosted at Bayes Business School, City, University of London.


Albania Appoints World’s First AI Cabinet Minister Albania made history by appointing Diella, the world’s first artificial intelligence powered cabinet minister. Launched by Prime Minister Edi Rama at the Socialist Party assembly in Tirana, Diella has been tasked with managing public procurement, a sector often plagued by corruption and inefficiency. This innovative move positions Albania at the forefront of digital governance, blending artificial intelligence with political decision-making.


Amit Khare Appointed Secretary to Vice-President Radhakrishnan On September 2025, retired IAS officer Amit Khare, who currently serves as Advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, was appointed as Secretary to the Vice President of India, CP Radhakrishnan. The decision was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) and comes days after Radhakrishnan’s swearing-in as India’s new Vice-President. The appointment is on a contract basis for three years, reflecting the government’s continued reliance on experienced civil servants for key constitutional offices.


Most Important Points for Daily News Mohammed Siraj Named ICC Men’s Player of August 2025 India’s fast bowler Mohammed Siraj has been awarded the ICC Men’s Player of the Month for August 2025, following a match-winning performance in the final Test of the Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy against England at The Oval. Despite playing only one match during the month, Siraj’s standout spell was enough to edge past competitors Matt Henry (New Zealand) and Jayden Seales (West Indies) to secure the prestigious honour.


Anandkumar Wins India’s First-Ever Gold at Speed Skating World Champions India achieved an unprecedented milestone at the 2025 Speed Skating World Championships in Beidaihe, China, as two Indian athletes—Anandkumar Velkumar and Krish Sharma—clinched gold medals in their respective categories. The event marked India’s first-ever World Championship titles in speed skating, a sport traditionally dominated by countries like South Korea, Colombia, and Italy.


Most Important Points for Daily News Segur Elephant Corridor The Madras High Court upheld most findings of the Segur Plateau Elephant Corridor Inquiry Committee formed by the Supreme Court. The court allowed private landowners to retain and cultivate land in an eco-friendly manner without disturbing elephants or using artificial barriers. It set aside the committee’s recommendation to hand over private properties to the Tamil Nadu government.


1851: The New York Times newspaper began publication. Henry J. Raymond founded The New York Times in 1851 as a penny paper. On the second page of the first issue, Raymond issued a lengthy statement of purpose under the heading “A Word About Myself.” He explained that the newspaper was priced at one cent in order to achieve “large circulation and corresponding influence.” He also questioned speculation and gossip about the new paper that had circulated in the summer of 1851. He mentioned that the Times was rumored to be supporting several different and contradictory candidates.


1947: The National Security Act was passed. The National Security Act of 1947 became law. It created the Department of the Air Force, headed by the Secretary of the Air Force. Under the Department of the Air Force, the act established the United States Air Force, headed by the Chief of Staff of the USAF. The act created several institutions that presidents found useful in formulating and implementing foreign policy, including the National Security Council (NSC). Most Important Points Of 18th September in History


1967: Nagaland adopted English as the official language. In 1967, the Nagaland Assembly declared Indian English as the official language of Nagaland and it is the medium of education in Nagaland. Apart from English, Nagamese, a creole language based on Assamese, is widely spoken. The British sent many people from Nagaland to France and Europe to fight in the First World War. These people returned to Nagaland and promoted English. Many of them together founded the Naga National Movement. Earlier Nagaland was a part of Assam. After negotiations between the central government and the people of Nagaland, it became a separate state on 1 December 1963.


Most Important Points Of 18th September in History 1988: Burma’s constitution was abolished The constitution was abolished in 1988 due to the general situation. Myanmar (Myanma) is a country in South Asia, formerly known as Burma/Brahma or Brahmadesh. On April 1, 1937, Burma formally separated from India. Archibald Cochrane became its first governor and the Council of Ministers took office.


2003 : First bus service started between Agartala and Dhaka The Dhaka-Kolkata bus service started in the year 1999 and a bus service between Dhaka and Agartala in 2003. The distance between Agartala and Kolkata via Bangladesh is only about 500 km. The main objective of this facility is to eliminate the mobility problems faced by people while travelling to two Indian states separated by Bangladesh.


SHORE Project The World Bank has approved Rs 1,675 crore for the Tamil Nadu coastal resilience project. The project is named Strengthening Coastal Resilience and the Economy (SHORE). Of the total outlay, the World Bank will provide Rs 1,172.5 crore, and the state government will contribute Rs 502.5 crore. The project will restore 30,000 hectares of seascapes, including mangroves, coral reefs, sand dunes, and seagrass meadows.


Aadhaar Users Get Priority in IRCTC Booking from Oct 1 Beginning October 1, 2025, Indian Railways will implement a major change in its online ticket booking system. The first 15 minutes of general reserved ticket booking on the IRCTC website and mobile app will be exclusively open to Aadhaar authenticated user IDs. This step aims to curb ticket fraud and block the activities of touts who exploit the online system by using fake user IDs to hoard tickets, especially during high-demand windows.


Most Important Points for Daily News US, South Korea, Japan Launch Freedom Edge Military Exercise On September, 2025, the United States, South Korea, and Japan kicked off their joint air and naval exercise “Freedom Edge” near South Korea’s Jeju Island. The large-scale drill is aimed at boosting trilateral defense cooperation against North Korea’s advancing nuclear and missile threats. While the allies emphasize deterrence, Pyongyang has denounced the move as a provocation.


Carlos Felipe Jaramillo Appointed World Bank VP for EAP On September 2025, the World Bank Group appointed Carlos Felipe Jaramillo as Vice President for the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Region. The appointment marks a significant shift in the Bank’s regional operations, with Singapore now designated as the regional hub—reflecting the institution’s broader decentralization strategy to improve client services and on-the-ground support.


Most Important Points for Daily News Giri and Vaishali Win 2025 FIDE Grand Swiss Titles At the 2025 FIDE Grand Swiss and Women’s Grand Swiss, held on September 2025 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, GM Anish Giri and GM Vaishali Rameshbabu emerged as champions. Their victories not only brought them trophies and top prize money but also qualification to the prestigious 2026 Candidates Tournaments, which determine the next challengers for the World Chess Championship.


Samuel Umtiti Retires from Football at Age 31 On September 2025, Samuel Umtiti, the 2018 FIFA World Cup-winning French defender, officially announced his retirement from professional football at the age of 31. Once regarded as one of the finest centre-backs in Europe, Umtiti’s career was tragically derailed by chronic knee injuries that restricted his playing time and eventually forced an early exit from the sport.


Most Important Points for Daily News Cashew Board – Tamil Nadu The Tamil Nadu government has constituted a Cashew Board with its headquarters in Cuddalore. The board has been set up to protect the welfare of producers and workers and to boost cashew production and exports. Tamil Nadu ranks fifth in cashew production in India and is the second-largest exporter of cashew nuts. The crop is cultivated on 2.09 lakh acres in the state, and 43,460 metric tonnes of cashew nuts have been produced this year.


1755: Military treaty between Britain and Russia. In the year 1755, a military treaty was signed between Britain and Russia. Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1755), Great Britain promises subsidies to the Russian Empire on the eve of the Seven Years’ War. Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762), ends the Seven Years’ War between Prussia and Russia after the accession of Tsar Peter III.


1893: Swami Vivekananda gave a historic speech at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago (America). In the year 1893, Swami Vivekananda gave a historic speech at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago (America). If the demons of communalism and fanaticism were not there, human society would have been far more advanced. In the same speech, he further said, communalism, fanaticism and its terrible descendant dogmatism have been holding the earth in their grip for a long time. They have filled the earth with violence. Most Important Points Of 19th September in History


1957: The United States conducted its first underground nuclear test in the Nevada desert. In the year 1957, the United States conducted its first underground nuclear test in the Nevada desert. Known as Rainier, Rainier is a reservation of the United States Department of Energy located in the southeastern part of Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas.


1982: Scott Fahlman became the first person to use online messaging. In the year 1982, Scott Fahlman became the first person to use online messaging. The historic day was September 19, 1982. “We had local email and we had the possibility to email some other universities over a primitive network,” Scott explained. “But it was just text, using only the American English alphabet, so we didn’t have much to work with.” Most Important Points Of 19th September in History


2006: Military coup in Thailand, General Surayud becomes Prime Minister. Military coup in Thailand in the year 2006, General Surayud becomes Prime Minister. The 2006 Thai coup occurred on 19 September 2006, when the Royal Thai Army staged a coup against the elected caretaker government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. The coup, which was Thailand’s first non-constitutional change of government in fifteen years since the 1991 Thai coup


Most Important Points for Daily News – Anbu Karangal scheme The Anbu Karangal scheme was launched by the Tamil Nadu government to support orphaned and vulnerable children. It aims to help children from poor economic backgrounds continue their schooling and higher education. The scheme provides ₹2,000 per month as educational assistance to eligible children. It covers children who have lost both parents or one parent and have no proper support from the surviving parent.


Election Commission Revamps EVM Ballot Paper Design In a major step toward improving the voting experience and ballot clarity, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has announced a revision in the design of Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Ballot Papers. The updated guidelines focus on enhanced visibility, uniformity, and readability to benefit voters across India. This change is part of a broader set of 28 initiatives introduced by the Election Commission in the past six months, aimed at streamlining electoral processes and making voting more accessible and user-friendly.


Most Important Points for Daily News MNRE Launches India’s First National Geothermal Energy Policy In a landmark step towards expanding India’s clean energy portfolio, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has launched the National Geothermal Energy Policy. This is India’s first policy dedicated to harnessing geothermal energy — a renewable energy source derived from the Earth’s internal heat. The initiative is a significant push towards Net Zero emissions, enhancing energy security, and promoting clean energy innovation.


South Korea, US Reaffirm Goal of Korean Peninsula Denuclearisation Amid rising global tensions and regional security concerns, South Korea and the United States have reaffirmed their commitment to the denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula. The statement came from South Korea’s National Security Adviser Wi Sung-lac, who emphasized that the denuclearisation objective remains firm—regardless of North Korea’s stance.


Most Important Points for Daily News Dr Sima Bahous Begins Second Term at UN Women On September 2025, Dr Sima Sami Bahous was reappointed by UN Secretary General António Guterres for a second term as Executive Director of UN Women. Her reappointment comes at a crucial time as the organization prepares to implement its newly approved Strategic Plan for 2026–2029.


Central Zone Wins Duleep Trophy After 11 Years Under Patidar Central Zone emerged as champions of the 2025 Duleep Trophy, beating South Zone by 6 wickets in a high-quality final. The match, held at the BCCI Centre of Excellence in Bengaluru, marked Central Zone’s first title since 2014–15, ending an 11-year wait under the inspired leadership of Rajat Patidar. Patidar, who recently led Royal Challengers Bengaluru to their first IPL title, added another feather to his cap by guiding his zonal side to domestic glory.


Most Important Points for Daily News Capacity of Stanley Reservoir The Stanley Reservoir at Mettur attained its Full Reservoir Level (FRL) of 120 feet for the sixth time in 2025 on September. The dam first reached full capacity on June 29, 2025, due to heavy rainfall in the catchment areas. The dam subsequently reached full level on July 5, July 20, July 25, and August 20, before filling again in September.


Most Important Points Of 20th September in History 1388: Death of Firoz Tughlaq III, Sultan of Delhi. Death of Firoz Tughlaq III, Sultan of Delhi in the year 1388. Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1351 to 1388. After the death of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, Abu Bakr Shah took power in the year 1389, but he also died within a year.


1831: The first steam-powered bus was built. The first steam-powered bus was built in 1831. In 1831, Gordon Bronze of Britain built the first steam-powered bus. This slow moving bus could carry 30 passengers at a time. The first bus service in our country was started in Mumbai.


Most Important Points Of 20th September in History 1983: APPLE communication satellite stopped working. In the year 1983, APPLE communication satellite stopped working. In 1981, India launched APPLE satellite. It was the country’s first communication satellite. The INSAT series is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia Pacific region. It is used in broadcasting, telecommunications, meteorology and search and rescue operations.


1995: 50th session of the United Nations General Assembly begins. The 50th session of the United Nations General Assembly begins in 1995. It took place on 1995 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 50th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six organs of the United Nations and is the only comprehensive institution in which all UN member nations are equally represented. This assembly meets every year with representatives from all member countries. One of these representatives is elected as the President. Since the General Assembly is the only major organ in which all member countries are involved, its conferences are mostly a forum for controversy. Most Important Points Of 20th September in History


2021: Charanjit Singh Channi became the 16th Chief Minister of Punjab. In the year 2021, Charanjit Singh Channi became the 16th Chief Minister of Punjab. ‘Charanjit Singh Channi is a Punjabi politician and has been the Chief Minister of Punjab. He is a member of the Indian National Congress. He has been a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly since 2007 and has also been the President of Kharar Municipal Council twice. Punjab has had fifteen Chief Ministers since 1947. The first was Gopi Chand Bhargava of the Indian National Congress party, who was sworn in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British.


Most Important Points Of 22th September in History 1883: Telegraph service started between the United States and Brazil. Telegraph service started between the United States and Brazil in the year 1883. India’s first telegraph line and office was opened between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour in October 1851 on the busy shipping route of Hooghly. The first telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra was opened in 1854, covering a distance of 800 miles.


1949: Communist leaders in China declared the ‘People’s Republic of China’ party. In the year 1949, Communist leaders in China declared the ‘People’s Republic of China’ party. The People’s Republic of China was proclaimed by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) chairman Mao Zedong at Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in 1949. A new state government under the CCP, formally called the Central People’s Government, was proclaimed by Mao at the ceremony, laying the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.


Most Important Points Of 22th September in History 1964: Malta gains independence from Britain. Malta gains independence from Britain in 1964. Malta was a Crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1814 until 1964, when it was granted independence and joined the British Commonwealth. Malta was recognised by the United States the same year it gained independence and became a republic in 1964.


1991: Armenia gains independence from the Soviet Union. Armenia gains independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, when President George H.W. Bush announces the decision to dissolve the Soviet Union in an address to the nation. Armenia was previously a constituent republic of the USSR. The U.S. Embassy in Yerevan opened on February 3, 1992, with Steven Mann appointed interim charge d’affaires.


Most Important Points Of 22th September in History 2008: Mbeki resigns in South Africa South African President Mbeki resigns in 2008. Thabo Mbeki, who presided over South Africa’s longest period of economic growth, told the nation he had resigned as head of state, deepening the country’s worst political crisis since apartheid. Mbeki, who took over the presidency from Nelson Mandela in 1999, agreed to a request from the ruling ANC that he resign before his term ends next year.


Most Important Points for Daily News AC Usage in Metro Cities Chennai records the highest air conditioner (AC) usage among seven metro cities, with an average of 4.4 hours per day. Nearly 23% of households in Chennai own more than two ACs, almost double the national average. Chennai has the highest refrigerant refill rate, with over 50% of AC units refilled annually, against the national average of 41%. Each refill costs an average of ₹2,300 in Chennai, the highest in the country.


Yatri Sewa Diwas 2025 Yatri Sewa Diwas 2025, launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, marks a major shift in how India views airport services—not just as infrastructure, but as experiences centered around the dignity, comfort, and well-being of travelers. Inaugurated by Union Minister Rammohan Naidu at Hindon Airport, the initiative aims to ensure that passenger-first care becomes the norm, not the exception. This launch is part of a broader transformation in Indian aviation, where the focus is expanding from runway length and flight volume to traveler experience, inclusivity, and service equity.


Most Important Points for Daily News First Hilsa Consignment from Bangladesh Reaches India Bangladesh has resumed seasonal exports of Hilsa fish to India, but at the lowest volume since 2019. In September 2025, the first shipment of approximately 32 tons arrived in West Bengal via the Petrapole border, marking the beginning of a restricted trade period approved by the Bangladesh government. Hilsa, often called the “Queen of Fishes,” holds not only culinary but also cultural significance during Bengal’s biggest festival.


Australia Ups Emissions Target to 62% by 2035 In a major climate policy update, Australia has raised its national emissions reduction target to 62% by 2035, based on 2005 levels. The announcement, made by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, marks a substantial increase from the country’s previous commitment of a 43% cut by 2030. The decision aligns with Australia’s obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement and comes amid growing concerns over the country’s vulnerability to extreme weather events driven by climate change.


Most Important Points for Daily News Marium Fatima Becomes Bihar’s First Woman FIDE Master Marium Fatima, a talented young chess player from Muzaffarpur, Bihar, has etched her name in history by becoming the first Woman FIDE Master (WFM) from the state. This prestigious title, awarded by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), marks a new high not just in her career but also for Bihar’s representation on the national and international chess stage.


Gourangalal Das Appointed as India’s New Ambassador to South Korea In a significant diplomatic move, senior Indian Foreign Service officer Gourangalal Das has been appointed as India’s next ambassador to South Korea, a key strategic partner in East Asia. The appointment comes at a crucial time when India is strengthening its ties across the Indo-Pacific, and South Korea holds growing importance in trade, technology, defense, and regional stability.


Most Important Points for Daily News Road Accidents in Tamil Nadu 2023 The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) released the Road Accidents in India 2023 report. Tamil Nadu recorded 67,213 road accidents in 2023, accounting for 14% of the national total. Road accidents in Tamil Nadu increased by 4.6% from 64,105 in 2022. Tamil Nadu reported 18,347 road accident deaths in 2023, a 2.5% rise from 17,884 in 2022.


Most Important Points for Daily News Three innovative ventures honoured with ChinniKrishnan Awards Three innovative ventures were honoured at the 14th edition of the ChinniKrishnan Innovation Awards 2025 that was held in Chennai. Each winning venture was awarded ₹1 lakh, a trophy, and a citation, along with access to CavinKare’s in-depth industry support, spanning marketing, finance, design, packaging, R&D, and HR to help scale their innovations for real-world impact.


EC De-Lists 474 Political Parties Over Norm Violations In a significant clean-up move, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has delisted 474 Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs) for failing to comply with mandatory electoral and financial regulations. This action comes as part of a broader initiative aimed at ensuring greater transparency and accountability among political entities in the country. With this second round of delisting, the total number of parties removed from the register has reached 808 in just two months, marking a decisive shift in the way the EC enforces norms on political participation and financial disclosures.


Most Important Points for Daily News US Fed Cuts Rate by 25 bps, Signals Easing Cycle In a notable monetary policy shift, the US Federal Reserve (Fed) has cut its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4.00%–4.25%, marking its first rate reduction in 2025. This move signals the beginning of a possible rate easing cycle, aimed at balancing persistent inflation with signs of a cooling labour market and economic growth moderation. This development is crucial for aspirants studying global economic trends, central bank tools, and international monetary dynamics.


IMF Chief Proposes Daniel Katz as Number Two Leader The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is set for a significant leadership transition as Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva has proposed Daniel Katz, a senior U.S. Treasury official, as the next First Deputy Managing Director (FDMD)—the IMF’s second-highest post. The appointment, if approved by the IMF Executive Board, will take effect on 6 October 2025.


Most Important Points for Daily News Arshdeep Singh Becomes First Indian to Reach 100 T20I Wickets Arshdeep Singh has etched his name in the record books by becoming the first Indian bowler to claim 100 T20I wickets, reaching the milestone during India’s final group game of the 2025 Asia Cup against Oman. He dismissed Vinayak Shukla to get there in just 64 matches, making him one of the fastest to achieve this landmark globally.


Uttarakhand Hosts Asian Cadet Cup 2025 & State CM Inaugurated Uttarakhand marked a historic moment in Indian sports by hosting the Asian Cadet Cup India-2025 in Haldwani, inaugurated by Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami on September, 2025. Organised by the Fencing Association of India, the international tournament is being held at Manaskhand Hall in the Indira Gandhi International Sports Stadium.


Most Important Points for Daily News Stalin inaugurates Tamil Nadu State Highways Authority Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin inaugurated the Tamil Nadu State Highways Authority (TANSHA). During an event in the Highways Research Station campus in Chennai, he also inaugurated Kalaignar Centenary Building constructed at a cost of ₹29 crore. The new building spread over 5,500 sq.m. in Guindy would house the TANSHA and other key offices of the Highways Department.


AC Usage in Metro Cities Chennai records the highest air conditioner (AC) usage among seven metro cities, with an average of 4.4 hours per day. Nearly 23% of households in Chennai own more than two ACs, almost double the national average. Chennai has the highest refrigerant refill rate, with over 50% of AC units refilled annually, against the national average of 41%. Each refill costs an average of ₹2,300 in Chennai, the highest in the country.


Yatri Sewa Diwas 2025 Yatri Sewa Diwas 2025, launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, marks a major shift in how India views airport services—not just as infrastructure, but as experiences centered around the dignity, comfort, and well-being of travelers. Inaugurated by Union Minister Rammohan Naidu at Hindon Airport, the initiative aims to ensure that passenger-first care becomes the norm, not the exception. This launch is part of a broader transformation in Indian aviation, where the focus is expanding from runway length and flight volume to traveler experience, inclusivity, and service equity.


Most Important Points for Daily News First Hilsa Consignment from Bangladesh Reaches India Bangladesh has resumed seasonal exports of Hilsa fish to India, but at the lowest volume since 2019. In September 2025, the first shipment of approximately 32 tons arrived in West Bengal via the Petrapole border, marking the beginning of a restricted trade period approved by the Bangladesh government. Hilsa, often called the “Queen of Fishes,” holds not only culinary but also cultural significance during Bengal’s biggest festival.


Australia Ups Emissions Target to 62% by 2035 In a major climate policy update, Australia has raised its national emissions reduction target to 62% by 2035, based on 2005 levels. The announcement, made by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, marks a substantial increase from the country’s previous commitment of a 43% cut by 2030. The decision aligns with Australia’s obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement and comes amid growing concerns over the country’s vulnerability to extreme weather events driven by climate change.


Most Important Points for Daily News Marium Fatima Becomes Bihar’s First Woman FIDE Master Marium Fatima, a talented young chess player from Muzaffarpur, Bihar, has etched her name in history by becoming the first Woman FIDE Master (WFM) from the state. This prestigious title, awarded by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), marks a new high not just in her career but also for Bihar’s representation on the national and international chess stage.


Road Accidents in Tamil Nadu 2023 The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) released the Road Accidents in India 2023 report. Tamil Nadu recorded 67,213 road accidents in 2023, accounting for 14% of the national total. Road accidents in Tamil Nadu increased by 4.6% from 64,105 in 2022. Tamil Nadu reported 18,347 road accident deaths in 2023, a 2.5% rise from 17,884 in 2022.


Most Important Points for Daily News ID Cards for Women SHG Members Tamil Nadu’s Deputy Chief Minister distributed identity cards to women Self-Help Group (SHG) members in Karuppur, Salem district. Tamil Nadu is the first State in India to issue identity cards to women SHG members. Over five lakh women’s Self Help Groups are functioning across Tamil Nadu. The demand for ID cards was raised by SHG members at a government function in Tiruvarur five months ago.


Union Minister Launches LDB 2.0 to Strengthen India’s Digital Trade Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Shri Piyush Goyal launched the Logistics Data Bank (LDB) 2.0 in New Delhi. The launch coincided with the decade-long celebrations of Make in India and marks a major step in India’s journey toward becoming a digitally empowered, globally competitive economy. The upgraded logistics platform promises real-time data tracking, multi-modal visibility, and high-seas container monitoring, all of which will significantly improve supply chain efficiency and export competitiveness, particularly benefiting MSMEs and exporters.


India Re-Elected to Council of Administration & Postal Operations Council at 28th UPU Congress India has been re-elected to both the Council of Administration (CA) and the Postal Operations Council (POC) of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) during the 28th UPU Congress held in Dubai. The Ministry of Communications described this as recognition of India Post’s leadership, reforms, and digital innovations, reinforcing India’s global influence in the postal sector.


India Secures Exclusive Rights for Polymetallic Sulphides Exploration in Carlsberg Ridge On September 2025, Union Minister of State for Earth Sciences, Dr. Jitendra Singh, announced a historic milestone: India has secured exclusive rights for exploration of Polymetallic Sulphides (PMS) in the Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean. The 15 year contract signed between the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and the International Seabed Authority (ISA) grants India access to explore a 10,000 sq km area, making it the first country in the world to hold two PMS exploration contracts.


Smriti Mandhana Breaks Virat Kohli’s Record for Fastest Indian Century in ODIs Indian cricket star Smriti Mandhana has created history by scoring the fastest century ever by an Indian in ODI cricket. On September 2025, during the 3rd ODI against Australia at the Arun Jaitley Stadium, New Delhi, Mandhana reached her hundred in just 50 balls, breaking Virat Kohli’s long-standing record of a 52-ball century against Australia in 2013.


Indian Skater Anish Raj Secures Historic Bronze at World Championships 2025 In a landmark moment for Indian sports, junior speed skater Anish Raj clinched the bronze medal in the Junior Men’s One-Lap Road Sprint at the 73rd Inline Speed World Championships 2025 in Beidaihe, China. Clocking 39.714 seconds, Anish became the first Indian to win a medal in this category, securing India’s place on the global roller sports map.


IPMA Delta Certification for NLCIL NLC India Limited (NLCIL) has received the IPMA Delta Certification Level 3 from the International Project Management Association. NLCIL is a Navaratna Public Sector Enterprise under the Union Ministry of Coal. It recognizes NLCIL’s governance systems in Project, Programme, and Portfolio Management.


Most Important Points Of 24th September in History 1789: The office of Attorney General was created in the US. The office of Attorney General was established by Congress through the Judiciary Act of 1789. The Attorney General of the United States is the head of the United States Department of Justice. The Attorney General is considered the chief lawyer of the US government. He serves as a member of the President’s Cabinet. The Attorney General is nominated by the President of the United States.


1861: Bhikaji Cama, the loud voice of women’s rights, was born Bhikaji Cama, the loud voice of women’s rights, was born in the year 1861. Bhikaji Cama was a Parsi citizen of Indian origin who created an atmosphere in favor of India’s independence by visiting London, Germany and America. She is well known for hoisting India’s first tricolor national flag at the Seventh International Socialist Congress held on 22 August 1907 in Stuttgart, Germany. Most Important Points Of 24th September in History


1948: Honda Motor Company was founded. Honda Motor Company was founded in the year 1948. Honda began as a bicycle auxiliary engine manufacturer in a small factory in Hamamatsu. It was incorporated as Honda Motor Company in 1948 and began producing motorcycles in 1949. The Honda C-100, a small-engined motorcycle, was introduced in 1953.


1979: Ghana adopts a constitution. Ghana adopts a constitution in 1979. The AFRC ratified a revised version of the constitution approved by the Assembly in June 1979. Presidential and parliamentary elections were held on 14 June 1979, but those elected were not allowed to take up their positions until September 1979. The AFRC then promulgated another version of the new constitution with even more amendments in September 1979. Most Important Points Of 24th September in History


2014: India successfully sent its spacecraft to Mars in its very first attempt. In the year 2014, India successfully sent its spacecraft to Mars in its very first attempt on 24 September. This mission was named Mangalyaan Mission which is also known as Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) India left behind two Asian giants China and Japan as both these countries were not successful in their first Mars mission.


1524 – Vasco da Gama returned to India for the last time as Viceroy. In the year 1524 Vasco da Gama returned to India for the last time as Viceroy. A famous bridge in Lisbon is named in his honour. The Vasco da Gama Bridge, built across the mouth of the Tagus River, is 17.2 km (10.7 mi) long and was the longest bridge in Europe at the time of its inauguration in 1998. Vasco da Gama was born in the city of Sines, one of the few ports on the Alentejo coast of southwestern Portugal.


1639 – The first ‘printing press’ was introduced in America. The first ‘printing press’ was introduced in America in the year 1639. When the Glover family arrived from England and opened a printing shop in Cambridge, MA. Early presses existed in China as early as the 8th century, but Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the printing press, which was used in Europe around 1440.


1897 – The first bus service in Britain begins. The first bus service in Britain begins in 1897. Less than ten years later, this photograph of a loaded double-decker bus was taken in Tindal Square, Chelmsford. Spalding left its Tindal Square premises between 1902 and 1906. The first drop-chassis buses were produced by Guy Arab Motors in 1924. This greatly improved stability by lowering the centre of gravity and also improved loading times by reducing the number of steps to board the bus.


1914: Former Deputy Prime Minister of India Chaudhary Devi Lal was born. Chaudhary Devi Lal, born on 25 September 1914, also known as “Tau Devi Lal” in Haryana, was a prominent politician of Haryana who was the Deputy Prime Minister of India from 19 October 1989 to 21 June 1991. He was also the Chief Minister of Haryana twice (21 June 1977 to 28 June 1979, and 17 July 1987 to 2 December 1989). His Samadhi-Sangharsh Ghat is in Delhi. Most Important Points Of 25th September in History


2003 – Gayoom won the Maldives presidential election for the sixth time. In 2003, Gayoom won the Maldives presidential election for the sixth time. He spent most of his youth in Egypt. He was part of a group of 15 students selected to pursue education abroad at the initiative of Mohamed Amin Didi. He left for Egypt in 1947 at the age of 10. He studied at Al-Azhar University.


Tamil Nadu State Highways Authority Tamil Nadu Chief Minister inaugurated the Tamil Nadu State Highways Authority (TANSHA) on September, 2025, in Chennai. The Chief Minister also released the official logo of the authority. The State government established TANSHA in the year 2024. TANSHA will implement major road infrastructure projects in Tamil Nadu, including four-lane corridors and expressways, through a public-private partnership.


PhonePe Gets RBI Approval to Operate as Online Payment Aggregator In a major regulatory milestone, PhonePe has received the final approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as an online payment aggregator. Announced on September, 2025, this authorization empowers the fintech giant to offer secure and scalable digital payment solutions, especially tailored for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) across India.


US Senators Introduce India Shrimp Tariff Act To Protect Seafood Industry US Senators Bill Cassidy (Louisiana) and Cindy Hyde-Smith (Mississippi) introduced the India Shrimp Tariff Act in the US Senate. The proposed legislation seeks to protect Louisiana’s shrimp and catfish industries from what lawmakers described as a flood of cheap Indian imports “dumped” into US markets with minimal penalties or regulation.


India Elected to Interpol Asian Committee: A Strategic Win India has been elected as a member of the Interpol Asian Committee during the 25th Interpol Asian Regional Conference, held in Singapore on September, 2025. This development marks a significant step in India’s continuing efforts to bolster its international policing role and leadership in regional and global security issues.


Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone Runs Fastest 400m in 40 Years American track sensation Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone created history by running the fastest women’s 400 metres in 40 years, clocking 47.78 seconds to win world championship gold in Tokyo on September 2025. This victory marked her successful transition from the 400m hurdles, where she is already a two-time Olympic and one time world champion, to the flat 400m.


Anandkumar Velkumar Creates History with Gold at World Speed Skating Championships 2025 In a landmark moment for Indian sports, Anandkumar Velkumar, a 22-year-old skater from India, scripted history at the 2025 World Speed Skating Championships in China. He clinched gold in the men’s 42km marathon, marking India’s first-ever world championship title in speed skating.


Pensions for Freedom Fighters and Descendants The Tamil Nadu government has increased the special pension for descendants of eminent freedom fighters. The special pension has been increased by ₹500 from ₹10,500 to ₹11,000. The revised pension amount is effective from August 15, 2025. The beneficiaries include descendants of Marudhu Pandiar Brothers, Veerapandia Kattabomman, Mannar Muthuramalinga Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathy, and V O Chidambaranar.


TN-Harappan Trade A sarcophagus (terracotta coffin) found in Kilnamandi, Tiruvannamalai district. It is scientifically dated to 1692 BCE using AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) radiocarbon dating. Charcoal from the burial site was dated by the Beta Analytics lab in the United States. Etched carnelian beads found in the burial suggest trade links with Maharashtra and Gujarat during the Late Harappan period.


India Restricts Silver Imports Till March 31, 2026 On September 2025, the Indian government announced a major policy shift by restricting silver and unstudded jewellery imports until March 31, 2026. This move comes in response to a significant surge in imports, especially from Thailand, raising concerns about possible duty circumvention under the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA). The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) issued a notification revising the import policy for these items from ‘Free’ to ‘Restricted’, requiring importers to now obtain a government license for bringing in the affected goods.


Bayern Munich Legend Jerome Boateng Announces Retirement Jerome Boateng, one of Germany’s most celebrated defenders and a former Bayern Munich stalwart, has officially announced his retirement from professional football at the age of 37. The announcement was made via his Instagram account on September 2025, bringing an end to a remarkable career that spanned nearly two decades.


India, Australia Sign Organic Products Mutual Recognition Arrangement India and Australia signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) for organic products under the broader India–Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA). The agreement was formalized at Vanijya Bhavan, New Delhi, in the presence of top trade and agricultural officials from both countries. This MRA is a significant step toward strengthening organic trade, simplifying certification processes, and enhancing market access for certified organic producers in both nations.


ICC Suspends USA Cricket’s Membership Over Governance Issues In a significant development affecting cricket’s global expansion, the International Cricket Council (ICC) has officially suspended USA Cricket’s membership with immediate effect, citing ongoing governance and compliance failures. The decision, announced on September 2025, follows prolonged concerns regarding USA Cricket’s ability to function as a responsible ICC Member, and comes just as the sport prepares for a high-profile return to the Olympic Games at LA28.


Commercial Shipyards in Tuticorin Tamil Nadu has attracted ₹30,000 crore investment to establish two greenfield commercial shipyards in the Tuticorin district. The projects are expected to create 55,000 jobs, including both direct and indirect employment opportunities. The investment follows the signing of two MoUs between the State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT) and the V O Chidambaranar Port Authority.


1760: Mir Qasim became the Nawab of Bengal. Mir Qasim was the Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1763. He was installed as Nawab with the support of the British East India Company, succeeding his father-in-law Mir Jafar, who had himself been supported by the East India Company after his role in the Battle of Plassey. However, Mir Jafar had conflicts with the East India Company over too many demands and tried to ally with the Dutch East India Company.


1821: Mexican independence. The Mexican Empire declared independence on September, 1821. The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict and political process that resulted in Mexico’s independence from the Spanish Empire. It was not a single, coherent event, but rather local and regional conflicts that occurred within the same period, and can be considered a revolutionary civil war.


1961: Sierra Leone becomes the 100th member of the United Nations. In September 1961, five months after gaining independence from Britain, Sierra Leone is granted full membership status in the United Nations. On 27 April 1961, Milton Margai leads Sierra Leone in independence from the United Kingdom.Thousands of Sierra Leoneans take to the streets across the country to celebrate their independence. Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa, bordered by Guinea to the northeast, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.


1998: Internet search engine Google is founded. Google was officially launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most widely used web-based search engine. Larry Page and Sergey Brin, students at Stanford University in California, first developed (in 1996) a search algorithm called “Backrub” with the help of Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg. The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company relocated several times, finally settling in Mountain View in 2003.


2020: President Ram Nath Kovind gives assent to three farm bills. According to a gazette notification, the President gave assent to three bills: The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020, The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Price Assurance and Agreement on Farm Services Bill, 2020, and The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2020. The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020 aims to allow the sale of agricultural produce outside mandis regulated by Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs) constituted by various state legislations.


1837 – The last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II took over the rule of Delhi. In the year 1837, the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II took over the rule of Delhi. Bahadur Shah II, popularly known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the last Mughal emperor of India. He took over the rule of Delhi after the death of his father Akbar Shah II. Bahadur Shah Zafar’s reign was politically fraught, and he was imprisoned by the British after the First War of Independence of 1857.


1838 – Bahadur Shah Zafar ascended the throne. Bahadur Shah Zafar ascended the throne in the year 1838. Zafaar was not only an ardent poet himself but also a patron of arts, language and poetry and hence we find more writers and poets than warriors in his court. As the last emperor of the Mughal Empire, Bahadur Shah Zafar assumed power at a difficult time. During his reign, the dominance of the British East India Company had increased and Mughal power was waning. With his death, the Mughal Empire in India came to an end.


1923 – Ethiopia leaves the League of Nations. In 1923, Ethiopia leaves the League of Nations. On 28 September 1923, Ethiopia joined the League of Nations as an independent African nation in an almost entirely colonized Africa. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after World War I to provide a forum for settling international


1950 – Indonesia became the 60th member of the United Nations. In the year 1950, Indonesia became the 60th member of the United Nations. After gaining its independence after World War II, Indonesia gained membership in the United Nations, allowing the country to become a participant in global diplomacy and development. Indonesia has two permanent diplomatic missions to the United Nations in New York City and Geneva. These missions are headed by a Permanent Representative and an Ambassador. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia appointed Lambertus Nicodemus Palar as the first Permanent Representative to the United Nations.


2006 – Shinzo Abe was sworn in as the newly elected and 90th Prime Minister of Japan. In the year 2006, Shinzo Abe was sworn in as the newly elected and 90th Prime Minister of Japan. Shinzo Abe was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2006 to 2007 and again from 2012 to 2020. He was the longest-serving Prime Minister in Japanese history, serving for a total of nearly nine years.


Mangrove Restoration The Tamil Nadu Coastal Restoration Mission called Tamil Nadu–Sustainable Coastal and Ocean Resource Efficiency (TN–SHORE) is a ₹1,675 crore project. The World Bank will contribute ₹1,000 crore, and the remaining funds will be provided by the Tamil Nadu government. Under TN–SHORE, 1,000 hectares of mangroves will be restored, including 300 hectares of new plantations and 700 hectares of degraded areas.


India Nominates IIT-Madras as UN AI Centre of Excellence India has taken a significant step toward global leadership in Artificial Intelligence (AI) by nominating the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-Madras) as a UN Centre of Excellence (CoE) for AI. The nomination, made by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), was announced at a high-level UN event in New York, signaling India’s growing commitment to AI capacity building, skilling, and inclusive digital development, especially in the Global South.


UPI Launches in Qatar, Boosting Digital Payments Abroad In a significant step toward internationalizing India’s digital payments ecosystem, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has gone live in Qatar, starting with duty-free outlets at Hamad International Airport in Doha. This move makes Qatar the eighth country to accept UPI, expanding its usability for Indian travelers abroad.


Ahmedabad to Host 11th Asian Aquatics Championship 2025 The city of Ahmedabad is set to host the 11th Asian Aquatics Championship from September 28 to October 11, 2025, marking the first time India is organizing this prestigious continental event. The venue, Veer Savarkar Sports Complex in Narangpura, was recently inaugurated and now joins the ranks of international standard sports infrastructure in India.


Anand Piramal Named Chairman of Piramal Finance Anand Piramal has been appointed as the Chairman of Piramal Finance, stepping into the role after the exit of his father, Ajay Piramal, following the recent merger of Piramal Enterprises. This leadership transition marks a significant milestone for the Piramal Group’s non-banking financial arm, now headed by Anand Piramal.


Ravichandran Ashwin Becomes First Indian to Join BBL Ravichandran Ashwin, India’s veteran off-spinner, has made history by becoming the first capped Indian male cricketer to sign with a Big Bash League (BBL) team. He will represent Sydney Thunder in the upcoming BBL 2025–26 season, breaking a long-standing barrier in Indian cricket. Until now, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) had prohibited active Indian male players from participating in foreign T20 leagues.


Amrit Bharat express trains between Erode and Jogbani The Amrit Bharat Express between Erode (Tamil Nadu) and Jogbani (Bihar) commenced service on September 2025. It passes through several states and offers connectivity over a distance of about 3,132 km. The superfast train is non-air conditioned, with sleeper-class and unreserved coaches. This new train will cover a distance of 3,129 km in 63:50 hrs.


1687: Aurangzeb captured the Golconda Fort in Hyderabad. Abul Hasan Qutb Shah was the ruler of Golconda when Aurangzeb captured the Golconda Fort in 1687. The Golconda Fort is located in the western part of Hyderabad city and is about 9 km from Hussain Sagar Lake. The outer fort covers an area of three square kilometres, with a length of 4.8 kilometres. It was originally known as Mankal and was built on a hilltop in the year 1143. It was originally a mud fort built during the reign of the King of Warangal.


1947: Pakistan and Yemen become members of the United Nations Pakistan officially joined the United Nations (UN) on 30 September 1947, just a month after it came into existence. It is a charter member and participates in all specialized agencies and organizations of the UN. Pakistan has been elected to the UN Security Council seven times (tied with Colombia), with the most recent term being in 2013.


1994: Space Shuttle Endeavour lifts off on an 11-day mission with six astronauts. In 1994, Space Shuttle Endeavour lifts off on an 11-day mission with six astronauts. Endeavour flew STS-61, the first servicing mission for the Hubble Space Telescope, in 1993. In 1997, it was taken out of service for eight months for a retrofit, including the installation of a new airlock. In December 1998, it delivered the Unity module to the International Space Station.


1996: The name of Tamil Nadu’s capital Madras was changed to Chennai. In the year 1996, the name of Tamil Nadu’s capital Madras was changed to Chennai. The word Chennai is derived from Chennaipatnam, a city near Fort St. George built by the British. Chennai is also a very attractive and famous city from the point of view of tourism. It is considered the gateway to the south of India. Chennai is the fourth largest city in India in terms of area. It is one of the four metropolises of India. Its old name is Madras, which was earlier a short form of Madraspatnam, a village of fishermen.


2004 – 2555th birth anniversary of Chinese philosopher Confucius was celebrated. The year 2004 marked the 2555th birth anniversary of Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucius was China’s most famous teacher, philosopher and political theorist, whose ideas have deeply influenced the civilisations of China and other East Asian countries. Confucius’ teachings emphasize three main principles, li, yi and ren. Status is defined as.


Facelift of SDAT Madurai campus to bring more sporting opportunities The Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu (SDAT) campus in Madurai is undergoing a major facelift with a series of infrastructure upgrades, including a new 20 crore swimming pool with a diving facility, and a renovated, modernised gym. The work is set to be completed by Feb, according to district sports officer S Raja. Sports enthusiasts in the city have welcomed the move, pointing out that there are only limited options available in Madurai, with most existing pools being run by private players.


Türkiye–US Nuclear Deal Signals New Global Energy Power Shift In a major geopolitical and energy breakthrough, Türkiye and the United States signed a Strategic Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement on September, 2025, during President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s high-profile visit to the White House. The agreement marks a significant step in deepening bilateral ties, particularly in the high-tech domain of nuclear energy, with wide-ranging implications for energy security, technological cooperation, and regional influence.


Dubai to Launch 15-km Corridor for Driverless Transport by 2026 In a major leap toward smart transportation, Dubai’s Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has announced the launch of the Dubai Autonomous Zone (DAZ)—a 15 kilometre dedicated corridor for driverless vehicles and marine transport. The initiative, revealed at the Dubai World Congress for Self-Driving Transport, aligns with Dubai’s ambition to make 25% of daily trips autonomous by 2030.


Clutch, Maple & Zayu Unveiled as FIFA 2026 Mascots FIFA has officially unveiled the mascots for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, introducing Clutch the Bald Eagle, Maple the Moose, and Zayu the Jaguar as the animated ambassadors for the tournament. These mascots represent the three co-host nations—the United States, Canada, and Mexico, respectively—and aim to embody the spirit of unity, joy, and global celebration that defines the World Cup. The announcement, made on September, 2025, is part of the lead-up to what will be the biggest FIFA World Cup yet, with the tournament expanding to 48 teams and featuring 104 matches across North America.


Sergio Busquets Announces Retirement After 20-Year Football Career Sergio Busquets, one of the most decorated and intelligent midfielders in football history, has announced that he will retire at the end of the 2025 MLS season. Inter Miami’s final regular-season game is set for October 12, 2025, against Atlanta United, followed by a possible playoff run that could culminate in the MLS Cup Final on December 6—marking the final months of Busquets’ playing career.


Indian government appoints first mushroom scientist to head BSI In a groundbreaking moment for India’s scientific community, Dr Kanad Das took charge as the 13th Director of the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) on September, 2025, becoming the first mycologist to head the prestigious institute. The BSI, under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), has played a vital role in cataloguing and conserving India’s plant biodiversity since its establishment in 1890.


IIT Madras and Hero MotoCorp Sign MoU to Collaborate in Research and Employee Skill Development The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, and Hero MotoCorp have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate in various areas of research, education, and employee skill development. Under this collaboration, Hero MotoCorp will consider establishing scholarships for IIT Madras researchers and providing projects to IIT Madras students.


Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

Q.1. What tragic event occurred during a political rally in Karur in September 2025? (A) Flooding caused its cancellation. (B) A stampede/crowd crush killed ~39 people. (C) A fire broke out in the stage setup. (D) The rally was postponed due to protests.

Q.2. Which state government's Electricity Regulatory Commission (TNERC) recently introduced new rules to enable small industries (minimum load ≥ 50 kW) to purchase green energy (solar, wind, etc.) under open access? (A)Tamil Nadu (B) Karnataka (C) Kerala (D) Telangana

Q.3. Who is the legendary German defender who recently retired from professional football at the age of 37? (A) Mats Hummels (B) Philipp Lahm (C) Jerome Boateng (D) Bastian Schweinsteiger

Q.4. Which ministry recently released the fourth issue of the 2025 Report on Children in India? (A) Ministry of Women and Child Development (B) Ministry of Education (C) Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (D) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Q.5. Where was the 12th Sustainable Mountain Development Summit held in India recently? (A) Dehradun (B) Shimla (C) Gangtok (D) Ladakh

Q.6. Who has recently been appointed the new chairman of Piramal Finance? (A) Anand Piramal (B) Ajay Piramal (C)Jairam Sridharan (D) Shikha Sharma

Q.7. What amount did the liquidity deficit of the Indian banking system reach recently? (A) ₹31,987 crore (B) ₹48,980 crore (C) ₹87,183 crore (D) ₹1.50 lakh crore

Q.8. Under which scheme will Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently transfer ₹10,000 each to the accounts of 7.5 million women in Bihar? (A) Chief Minister's Women's Employment Scheme (B) Prime Minister's Jan Dhan Yojana (C) Chief Minister's Entrepreneurship Scheme (D) Prime Minister's Mudra Yojana

Q.9. From which platform did India recently successfully test-fire the Agni-P missile? (A) Sea-based Platform (B) Road-mobile Platform (C) Rail-based Platform (D) Fixed Silo Platform

Q.10. Pallikaranai Wetland, recently in the news, is located in which state? (A) Tamil Nadu (B) Maharashtra (C) Kerala (D) West Bengal

Q.11. Who is known as the “Tamil Paavalar” (Tamil Poet)? (a) Subramania Bharati (b) Bharathidasan (c) Avvaiyar (d) Kamban

Q.12. Which Tamil Nadu city is known for “Athangudi tiles”? (a) Karaikudi (b) Madurai (c) Tiruchirappalli (d) Vellore

Q.13. Who wrote the Tamil epic “Kamba Ramayanam”? (a) Ilango Adigal (b) Kamban (c) Thiruvalluvar (d) Ottakoothar

Q.14. Which city is famous for the “Rockfort Temple”? (a) Tiruchirappalli (b) Madurai (c) Salem (d) Coimbatore

Q.15.Who is regarded as the “Mother of Tamil Theatre”? (a) Rukmini Devi Arundale (b)Avvaiyar (c) T.K. Shanmugam (d) Bala Saraswati


Answers with Descriptions

1.During a campaign event held by actor-politician Vijay in Karur, a crowd crush occurred in Veluswamypuram on the Karur–Erode highway, resulting in the death of about 39 people and injuries to many others. The incident raised serious questions about crowd control, security planning, and safety protocols at mass gatherings.

2. The Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Commission (TNERC) has chalked out green energy open access regulations to increase the renewable power quotient in the grid and make more green power available to smaller industries. This will help the commission meet its renewable energy purchase obligations.

3. Legendary German defender and former Bayern Munich star Jerome Boateng has announced his retirement from professional football at the age of 37. He made the announcement via his Instagram account. Ending an illustrious career spanning nearly two decades, Boateng bid an emotional farewell to the football world. He was part of the 2014 FIFA World Cup-winning German team and a key pillar of Bayern Munich's golden era. Known for his tactical discipline, strong defensive play, and accurate long passing, Boateng holds a memorable place in football history.

4. Recently, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the fourth issue of the Children in India 2025 report at the 29th Conference of Central and State Statistical Organisations (CoCSSO) in Chandigarh. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is projected to decline from 44 in 2011 to 25 in 2023, with the male IMR at 26 and female at 25. The under-five mortality rate is projected to improve to 29 in 2023, lower in urban areas (20) than in rural areas (33). The birth rate is projected to decline to 18.4 per 1,000 population in 2023, with the rural rate (20.3) being higher than the urban rate (14.9). The number of adoptions is projected to increase from 3,927 in 2017-18 to 4,515 in 2024 25, with more girls being adopted than boys.

5. The 12th Sustainable Mountain Development Summit (SMDS-XII) was held at Doon University in Dehradun. The Sustainable Mountain Development Summit is a major annual summit to discuss the ecological, economic, and social challenges facing the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). It is organized by the Integrated Mountain Initiative (IMI), a civil society-driven network. Its objective is to promote sustainable Himalayan development, strengthen community participation, and integrate science with traditional knowledge.

6. Anand Piramal has been appointed the new chairman of Piramal Finance. This appointment follows the resignation of his father, Ajay Piramal, who recently resigned as non-executive chairman following the merger with Piramal Enterprises. The change was approved at the first board meeting held after the merger was approved by the NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal).

7. The liquidity position of the Indian banking system has deteriorated sharply. The liquidity deficit has reached ₹87,183 crore, while the target was only ₹31,987 crore. The banking system was in surplus until the end of March 2025, but recent advance tax and goods and services tax (GST) payments have significantly reduced this amount, impacting short-term funding availability.

8.Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the Mukhyamantri Mahila Swarojgar Yojana for Bihar via video conferencing. Addressing the gathering, the Prime Minister noted the auspicious occasion of Navratri and extended his best wishes to all. He expressed his happiness at joining the women of Bihar in the launch ceremony of the Mukhyamantri Mahila Swarojgar Yojana. Shri Modi informed that 7.5 million women have already joined this initiative. He announced that ₹10,000 has been transferred simultaneously to the bank accounts of each of these 7.5 million women.

9. India successfully test-fired the Agni-Prime missile from a rail-based mobile platform, marking a major breakthrough in defense technology. With this achievement, India has joined a select group of countries—such as the United States, China, and Russia—that are capable of launching ballistic missiles from a rail platform. This test is not only a technological breakthrough but also strategically strengthens India's second-strike capability and nuclear deterrence.

10. The Southern Bench of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has ordered a stay on all construction work within a one kilometer radius of the Pallikaranai wetland until its impact zone is identified through a scientific study. The order came in a suo motu case based on reports of landfilling and construction in the Perumbakkam wetland, which is hydrologically connected to Pallikaranai. The Pallikaranai wetland is a freshwater marsh and partially saline wetland located about 20 kilometers south of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It acts as a water buffer for the flood-prone Chennai and Chengalpattu districts.

11. Bharathidasan Solution: Bharathidasan, a revolutionary Tamil poet, was known as “Tamil Paavalar.” He promoted social justice, Tamil identity, and rationalism through his writings. A follower of Periyar, his works supported the Dravidian movement.

12. Karaikudi Solution: Karaikudi in Sivaganga district is famous for handmade Athangudi tiles. Known for bright colors and floral patterns, these eco-friendly tiles are part of Chettinad architecture and continue to be a traditional craft.

13. Kamban Solution: “Kamba Ramayanam” is the Tamil version of the Ramayana composed by the poet Kamban. It is a literary masterpiece, reflecting Tamil culture while narrating Lord Rama’s story with devotion and poetic excellence.

14. Tiruchirappalli Solution: The Rockfort Temple in Tiruchirappalli is a historic monument built on a massive rock. It houses Ucchi Pillaiyar Temple and Thayumanaswamy Temple, symbolizing both religious devotion and architectural brilliance.

15. T.K. Shanmugam Solution: T.K. Shanmugam is remembered as the “Mother of Tamil Theatre” for his pioneering contributions to modern Tamil drama. His group performed social and historical plays, shaping Tamil stage culture.